75504 2712-8172 Magazine of Civil Engineering 4 104 2021 1-164
RAR RUS 10401-10401 56432132200 0000-0003-4584-3004 Department of Civil Engineering, National Institute of Technology Srinagar Shukla Rajesh Prasad rpshukla.2013@iitkalumni.org
Srinagar, India
 Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee Jakka Ravi S. rsjakka@iitr.ac.in
Roorkee, India
 Failure mechanism and slope factors for a footing resting on slopes The behaviour of a footing affected significantly with the presence of the slope. The effect of slope on the bearing capacity, slope factor, and failure mechanism has been explored using limit analysis. Both lower and upper bound bearing capacities are determined, and average values are reported. The bearing capacity increases with an increase in the setback, footing depth, and angle of internal friction of soil, but reduces with an increase in slope angle. However, the slope factor decreases with an increase in footing depth, slope angle, and angle of internal friction of soil, but increases with the setback. The failure mechanism as well slope factors change substantially with an increase in the angle of internal friction of soil and slope angle. The failure mechanism of the foundation changes from bearing capacity to combined mode with an increase in the slope. The results of small-scale model testing are compared with numerical study results. Finally, nonlinear regression equations are developed to predict bearing capacity factor, slope factor, and the critical setback for a footing resting on a slope. 10.34910/MCE.104.1 slope footing setback bearing capacity slope factor failure mechanism https://engstroy.spbstu.ru/article/2021.104.1/
RAR RUS 10402-10402 0000-0002-2024-3806 Northeast Forestry University Zhang Lina 53860470@qq.com
Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
 0000-0003-2427-1086 Northeast Forestry University He Dongpo hdp@nefu.edu.cn
Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
 55516020800 Northeast Forestry University Zhao Qianqian 492954791@qq.com
Harbin Heilongjiang, China
 Modeling of international roughness index in seasonal frozen area In order to solve the international roughness index problem of asphalt concrete pavement in seasonal frozen area, this article takes four typical highways from China's seasonally frozen regions as examples to organize and analyze the geographic location, climatic conditions, structural layer materials and traffic volume of the four roads. Based on the mechanistic-empirical pavement design guide, and by the statistical product and service solutions software for regression analysis, propose IRI correction prediction model of asphalt concrete pavement in the seasonal frozen area and choose IRI measuring values of other highways and the predicted values of IRI prediction model to verify. The result shows that there is a linear relationship between international roughness index, environmental factor, fatigue crack area, transverse crack length and average rut depth. The coefficient of determination R2 is 0.999, the adjusted R2 is 0.999, the significance level is 0, and the regression model is effective. The values corresponding to modified model, environmental factor, fatigue crack area, transverse crack length and average rut depth indicators are 0.004, 0.074, 0.143 and 51.563 respectively; The IRI predicted value of the modified model is closer to the measured value than that of the traditional prediction model. The research results are of great significance for the international roughness index prediction of an asphalt concrete pavement in a seasonal frozen area. 10.34910/MCE.104.2 pavements deterioration pavement maintenance https://engstroy.spbstu.ru/article/2021.104.2/
RAR RUS 10403-10403 57209803918 0000-0002-6056-5498 Peter the Great Saint Petersburg Polytechnic University Gerasimova Ekaterina katyageras17@gmail.com
St. Petersburg, Russia
 57194431559 0000-0003-4992-2084 Peter the Great Saint Petersburg Polytechnic University Galyamichev Alexander galyamichev@yandex.ru
Polytechnicheskay, 29
 57205027068 Technische Universität Darmstadt Schwind Gregor schwind@ismd.tu-darmstadt.de
Darmstadt, Germany
 57050470900 0000-0003-2680-9628 Technische Universität Darmstadt Schneider Jens schneider@ismd.tu-darmstadt.de
Darmstadt, Germany
 Deflection of a cladding panel of fully tempered glass in curtain wall system The article presents a study on the mechanical behavior of facade cladding panel consisting of aluminum frame and fully tempered sheet glass under the action of uniformly distributed load. The study involved tests of full-size samples of two structural solutions of the cladding panel in a curtain wall system for two different geometrical configurations of the panel. Experimental data showed a high similarity with the results of a static calculation in the zone of linear elastic deformation. Therefore, the use of SJ Mepla finite element software package for the calculation of described structures was verified. The influence of the boundary conditions on determination of deflections in numerical model as well as the character of seal deformation was described. The criteria of the loss of bearing capacity of a system was defined. Empirical formulas for calculating the panel deflection for specific geometrical configurations of a panel were proposed. 10.34910/MCE.104.3 facade cladding glass aluminum substructure sealant https://engstroy.spbstu.ru/article/2021.104.3/
RAR RUS 10404-10404 56056531000 0000-0002-9133-8546 Don State Technical University Chepurnenko Anton anton_chepurnenk@mail.ru
Rostov-on-Don, Russia
 0000-0002-6939-3899 Don State Technical University Efimenko Ekaterina ovekaterina90@yandex.ru
Rostov-on-Don, Russia
 0000-0001-9012-3941 Don State Technical University Mailyan Dmitry usp-dr@yandex.ru
Rostov-on-Don, Russia
 54950122700 0000-0002-5205-1446 Don State Technical University Yazyev Batyr ps62@yandex.ru
Rostov-on-Don, Russia
 The location of supports under the monolithic reinforced concrete slabs optimization We consider the problem of finding the optimal location of point supports under a monolithic reinforced concrete floor slab, which provides the minimum of the objective function. The maximum deflection, potential strain energy, and reinforcement consumption are selected as the objective function. The load and plate configuration can be arbitrary. A restriction on the number of supports is introduced. The solution is performed using stochastic and deterministic optimization methods in combination with the finite element method to determine the objective functions An assessment of the proposed methods for a different number of supports n is made. Particular solutions are presented for n = 3, 4, 5.The optimal relations between the marginal and middle spans are established for buildings with a rectangular grid of columns with large n. It is shown that only the pitch of the columns of the marginal rows can act as a variable parameter, and the steps of the middle rows at the optimal arrangement are equal to each other. The developed methods were tested for the real object. It is established that of the three criteria used, the criterion of the minimum potential strain energy is preferable. It was also revealed that in most of the considered problems, the selected criteria give very close results. The plate thickness and material characteristics do not affect the optimal arrangement of columns. 10.34910/MCE.104.4 optimization support location finite element method reinforced concrete slabs column pitch Monte Carlo method interior point method https://engstroy.spbstu.ru/article/2021.104.4/
RAR RUS 10405-10405 Transbaikal state University Stetjukha Vladimir stetjukha_chita@mail.ru
Chita, Russia
 Frost cracks formation in permafrost regions The object of the study is the soil susceptible to cryogenic cracking during freezing. The formation of cracks creates the problems in the development of mineral deposits in northern regions with sharply continental climates in Europe, Asia and North America. The destructive effects of cracks on the construction of roads and linear structures require the prediction of cryogenic cracks. The developed mathematical model and the method of its use provide the prediction of the processes of frost cracks formation in harsh climates. The calculation algorithm realizes the procedures for the step-by-step solution of the spatial strength problem for a fragment of a soil mass taking into account changes in temperature fields and physical and mechanical properties of frozen soils over time. The given example demonstrates the results of predicting of cryogenic cracking of the soil in the form of graphs of stress distribution in the freezing massif. The calculation results illustrate the ability to predict the formation of frost cracks, the ability to determine the main parameters and periods of cracking. The research results can be used in the design of objects in the conditions of propagation of soils subjected to cracking. 10.34910/MCE.104.5 frost cracks frozen soil temperature drop deformation freezing heat transfer https://engstroy.spbstu.ru/article/2021.104.5/
RAR RUS 10406-10406 55516020800 Northeast Forestry University Zhao Qianqian 492954791@qq.com
Harbin Heilongjiang, China
 0000-0002-0414-9051 Northeast Forestry University Zhang Hetong 2586762756@qq.com
Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
 57199850188 0000-0002-2279-1240 Far Eastern Federal University Fediuk Roman roman44@yandex.ru
8. Suhanova St. Vladivostok, st. Octyabrskaya. 690950. Russia
 0000-0002-5953-8919 Harbin Dongan Automobile Engine Manufacturing Co. Wang Jianwu nihaone@163.com
Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
 Northeast Agricultural University Fu Qiang fuqiang0629@126.com
Harbin Heilongjiang, China
 Freeze-thaw damage model for cement pavements in seasonal frost regions In order to evaluate the damage of cement concrete pavement after the freeze-thaw cycle in the seasonal frozen area, it is determined that the dynamic elastic modulus and flexural tensile strength by analyzing the influence of the freeze-thaw on the concrete performance. The two indexes are most sensitive to the evaluation of the freeze-thaw damage of the pavement. Based on regression analysis method, two freeze-thaw damage models based on two indexes are established, and the goodness of fit and significance state of the model are tested. The applicable conditions of the two models are determined by response surface test method. The validity of the model is verified by comparing the prediction results of the existing model. The results show that when the water cement ratio is 0.450.48, the gas content is 1 % – 4 %, and the freezing temperature is – 15 °C – 25 °C. The model based on dynamic elastic modulus index has the best evaluation effect. When the water cement ratio is 0.4–0.46, the gas content is 1–3.5, and the freezing temperature is below – 5 °C, the model based on the flexural tensile strength index has the best evaluation effect. The explainable parts of the two models are 99.1 % and 99.2 % respectively, and the fitting degree of the damage evaluation value and the measured damage value is 0.997 and 0.998 respectively. The model has a good fitting degree. The evaluation effect of the model is better than that of the existing model. The determination of the model is of great significance to the future pavement maintenance work. 10.34910/MCE.104.6 concrete pavement numerical model regression analysis mechanical performance https://engstroy.spbstu.ru/article/2021.104.6/
RAR RUS 10407-10407 57210175037 0000-0002-7120-8744 Tyumen Industrial University Salnyi Ivan salnyy2493@mail.ru
Tyumen, Russia
 Industrial University of Tyumen Pronozin Yakov geofond.tgasu@gmail.com 8960689100 Siberian State University of Railways Karaulov Alexandr karaulov@stu.ru
Novosibirsk, Russia
 Interaction of drill-injection piles with the surrounding soil Nowadays, drill-injection technologies are actively used to create pile foundations in both civil and industrial construction. There are many drill-injection piles technologies which application depends on geotechnical conditions, loads, buildings and constructions purpose, technical and resources sufficiency and other points. Drill-injection piles producing occurs stress-strain state modification and physical and mechanical properties modifications in surrounding soil massive. Detection of features of soil properties modifications in drill-injection pile surrounding region allows to improve drill-injection piles bearing capacity calculations methods and to get more exact results. The article contains the analysis of physical and mechanical properties modifications in the South of Tyumen region (Russia) soils which surround drill-injection piles “Normal". The definition of soil properties was done by experimental investigations during the excavation of the piles to the depth of about 3.5 m in the site investigation with known engineering and geological conditions. There was detected a 6–10 % increase of soil density in 60 mm distance from the pile wellbores which depends on the soil type and increase of soil humidity in the waterless zone due to the high cement mixing-water ratio of the cement mortar. Also, it was found the increase of soil deformation characteristics up to 17.4 % and soil strength characteristics up to 27.3 % with reference to the original values. To the results of the excavation of the piles, it was discovered the wellbores expansion up to 4.4 % and local wellbores expansions in relative to the original values. During the inspection of the drill-injection piles there was discovered some piles defects such as massive soil penetration into the pile shaft near its wellhead and soil and mortar mixing along the perimeter of the piles owing to the insufficient mortar density and its high shrinkage. According to the results of the experimental researches, further investigations problems were defined. 10.34910/MCE.104.7 experimental Investigations drill-injection piles crimping physical and mechanical properties cement mortar wellbore expansion https://engstroy.spbstu.ru/article/2021.104.7/
RAR RUS 10408-10408 7102919266 0000-0002-6189-7830 Pryazovskyi State Technical University Ishchenko Anatoliy kafedramz@gmail.com
Mariupol
 6602329809 0000-0002-5513-8459 Pryazovskyi State Technical University Karpenko Taisiya taisktn2013@gmail.com
Mariupol, Ukraine
 Artiukh Viktor Chernysheva Nataliia LLC “Saint-Petersburg Electrotechnical Company” Mazur Vladlen mazur@spbec.com Revamp of supporting surfaces of turbogenerating sets foundation frames by composite materials Paper shows results of experimental studies of loading capacity of composite material ‘Multimetal Stahl 1018’ under static and vibrational loads at high temperatures in order to possibly use this material as a leveling layer on supporting surfaces of large-sized units of turbogenerating sets when they are mounted on foundation frames. Tensile strengths of composite samples were obtained at static loading for temperature range +20°С...+80°С on experimental machine ‘РМ-20’; obtained values do not exceed the maximum compressive stress of the material σ = 160 MPa. Experimental studies have been conducted on a specially created vibration unit because construction of foundation of turbogenerating sets is subjected to vibrations with wide spectrum of frequencies. Parameters of oscillatory process were measured using vibration velocity meter, signals were fixed using ADC ‘Е 14-140M’ and amplifier ‘LE-41’; signals processing was performed on ‘DSP’ processor module. Differential equation of forced oscillations is compiled, amplitudes and dynamics coefficients are determined for constructed dynamic model of vibration unit. Dependence of oscillation amplitude on height of the test samples is presented graphically. Table summarizes values of the dynamic coefficients at different samples heights for the same temperature spectrum as in case of static loads. It was concluded that the dynamic coefficient decreases with increasing temperature for larger height of sample. It was experimentally established that studied composite material withstands dynamic loads significantly exceeding those that can occur when installing turbogenerating sets on foundation frames. This allowed to recommend material ‘Multimetal Stahl 1018’ for use in installation of turbogenerating sets. Technology has been proposed for revamp of supporting surface of foundation frame in order to perform such works. Industrial tests that were carried out at two thermal power plants when revamping supporting surfaces of foundation frames under turbogenerating set ‘TGV 200’ and under low pressure cylinder of turbine ‘К-20-180 LMP’ that confirmed effectiveness of proposed method and its operability. 10.34910/MCE.104.8 composite material multimetal groundwork vibration temperature loading capacity dynamic coefficient amplitude https://engstroy.spbstu.ru/article/2021.104.8/
RAR RUS 10409-10409 0000-0002-9460-8054 University of Engineering and Technology Khan Imtiaz engrimtiaz84@gmail.com
Peshawar, Pakistan
 0000-0002-4029-1119 University of Engineering and Technology Ashraf Mohammad mashraf@uetpeshawar.edu.pk
Peshawar, Pakistan
 55378172500 0000-0001-8955-5165 University of Engineering and Technology Fahim Muhammad drmfahim@uetpeshawar.edu.pk
Peshawar, Pakistan
 Experimental characterization of brick masonry for lateral strength evaluation Brick masonry in solid clay units and cement-sand mortar is practised in many seismically active regions of Pakistan and also in other South Asian countries like India, Bangladesh, and others. The strength and behavior of brick masonry buildings are predominantly governed by the in-plane response of walls. The mechanical properties of masonry are essential input for the numerical models employed to estimate the in-plane response of brick masonry walls. This paper presents the mechanical properties of masonry constituent materials (brick and mortar) and brick masonry wallets for mechanical characterization. Masonry prisms (9 specimens) in three different mortar mix are tested for compression strength. A new test setup is developed and employed as part of this research study to conduct diagonal tension tests on masonry wallets (12 specimens) in a more stable and convenient position. Empirical relationships are also developed using regression analysis whereby the compressive strength of mortar is related to the compressive strength and diagonal tension strength of brick masonry. The mechanical characterization and the empirical relations will help in future applications in the context of design and assessment studies of brick masonry buildings. 10.34910/MCE.104.9 brick masonry compressive strength shear strength mechanical properties regression analysis https://engstroy.spbstu.ru/article/2021.104.9/
RAR RUS 10410-10410 0000-0001-7816-0467 Krasnoyarsk Institute of Railway Transport - branch Irkutsk State Transport University Khoroshavin Evgeny zkpd2007@ya.ru
Krasnoyarsk, Russia
 Dynamic tests and monitoring of the dynamic state of buildings and structures based on microseismic vibrations The article considers organizing and conducting dynamic testing of a multi-story residential panel building in Krasnoyarsk. For dynamic testing, a hardware-software complex was developed that implements the standing wave method, allowing to determine the dynamic characteristics of a building by registering microseismic vibrations of building structures. The dynamic test results determined actual natural (resonant) frequencies and their oscillations modes for the building structures. From the analysis of the distribution of the peak values of the amplitudes of natural vibrations, we determined the dangerous zones of the occurrence of destructive processes in the soil of the base of the building, affecting its safe functioning. 10.34910/MCE.104.10 method of standing waves dynamic testing of buildings dynamic characteristics of buildings geophone analog signal recorder microseismic vibrations recording building dynamic behavior monitoring https://engstroy.spbstu.ru/article/2021.104.10/
RAR RUS 10411-10411 7004452338 0000-0001-8759-6318 National University of Water Environmental Engineering Dvorkin Leonid dvorkin.leonid@gmail.com
Rivne, Ukraine
 57211386414 0000-0003-3686-5121 National University of Water Environmental Engineering Bordiuzhenko Oleh o.m.bordiuzhenko@nuwm.edu.ua
Rivne, Ukraine
 0000-0002-2130-5319 National University of Water Environmental Engineering Kovalyk Iryna i.v.kovalyk@nuwm.edu.ua
Rivne, Ukraine
 Determination of the multicomponent lightweight mixture optimal composition Designing of multi-component building compositions is usually done by an empirical method, which is a laborious and time-consuming process. The article deals with the method of designing the optimal building mixture composition based on the criterion of minimal costs. In this study, the effect of composition factors (water demand, binder content, fillers and additives) on compressive and flexural strengths of the gypsum-based mortar and the expanded lightweight filler was determined. According to the results of experiments, the corresponding mathematical models of mortar properties were obtained. Such models have made it possible to develop a design methodology for the mixture composition, which uses methods of mathematical programming. It allows obtaining the optimal composition of the construction mixture, which provides the required properties of the mortar at its minimal cost. 10.34910/MCE.104.11 building mixture mortar optimal composition designing minimal cost https://engstroy.spbstu.ru/article/2021.104.11/
RAR RUS 10412-10412 Riga Technical University Buka-Vaivade Karina karina.buka.vaivade@gmail.com 6508223358 Riga Technical University Serdjuks Dmitrijs Dmitrijs.Serdjuks@rtu.lv
1 Kalku Street, Riga LV-1658, Latvia
 Riga Technical University Sliseris Sliseris janis.sliseris@rtu.lv H-5843-2013 57205122537 0000-0002-8367-7927 Riga Technical University Pakrastins Leonids leonids.pakrastins@rtu.lv M-6585-2013 6508103761 0000-0002-1196-8004 Peter the Great Saint Petersburg Polytechnic University Vatin Nikolai vatin@mail.ru
Polytechnicheskay, 29
 Ultimate load capacity of high-performance fibre-concrete hollow square columns High-performance fibre-reinforced concrete is gaining popularity due to fibres ability to improve the poor properties of high-performance concrete. High-performance materials make using of thin-wall structures possible. Square section with square hollow provides decreasing of non-renewable material consumption, column’s high stiffness in the both planes and possibility to integrate the engineering communication inside of columns. The current study focuses on the development of analytical simplified calculation method that approximate output results of finite elements calculations for columns under eccentric loading with complicate hollow square-section. Analytical simplified calculation method to determine column’s load-carrying capacity is developed as the second-degree polynomial equation which is based on response surface method. The variables of equation are column height and material consumptions of the high-performance fibre reinforced concrete and steel of the additional longitudinal reinforcement. Data set of 27 experiments calculations was used to get the coefficients of adequate equation. Based on the results, the obtained equation makes it possible to predict the load-carrying capacity of the column in selected the factors interval on which a function was defined with sufficient precision. The difference between load-carrying capacities determine by numerical model based on the finite element method and by obtained second-degree equation does not exceeds 3.3 %. 10.34910/MCE.104.12 high-performance fibre-reinforced concrete hollow square section hollow concrete column finite element method response surface method eccentric loading computational time reduction simplified analytical calculation https://engstroy.spbstu.ru/article/2021.104.12/
RAR RUS 10413-10413 12039592100 0000-0003-4283-0400 South Ural State University Korolev Alexander korolev@sc74.ru
Chelyabinsk, Russia
 M-6585-2013 6508103761 0000-0002-1196-8004 Peter the Great Saint Petersburg Polytechnic University Vatin Nikolai vatin@mail.ru
Polytechnicheskay, 29
 Elasticity modulus of cement composites predicting using layer structure model The deformability of concrete along with the compressive strength is the determining factor in the calculation of concrete and reinforced concrete structures. In practice, with the same strength, the deformative properties of concrete, especially monolithic, can vary in a significant range, which affects the actual deflection of span structures and their reinforcement coefficient. However, the modulus of elasticity/deformation of concrete in production is not normed, and the introduction of the norm requires obtaining available bases for calculating the deformability of concrete under load from the composition of the concrete mix. The use of a layer calculation model allows you to quickly and accurately predict the elastic modulus and deformation of concrete. On the base of this model elasticity modulus depending on concrete mix components characteristics and proportions calculation method received and tested. 10.34910/MCE.104.13 modulus of elasticity of concrete deformability of concrete relative elastic deformations relative residual deformations layered calculation model https://engstroy.spbstu.ru/article/2021.104.13/
RAR RUS 10414-10414 56800902800 0000-0002-6597-8558 Kaliningrad State Technical University, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University Pritykin Aleksey prit_alex@mail.ru
Kaliningrad, Russia
 57195606912 0000-0003-1609-1958 Kaliningrad State Technical University, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University Lavrova Anna anna-gaide@bk.ru
Kaliningrad, Russia
 Stress level in beams with sinusoidal perforation The problem of determining of stress state in beams with sinusoidal perforation under concentrated force was considered. An empirical expression has been obtained for the stress distribution in dependence on parameters of perforation and force factors – bending moment and shear force. Von Mises equivalent stresses near the edge of openings is presented by the sum of two items caused by two types of deformations – shear and bending. The numerical coefficients of this dependence were determined with help of the finite element method calculations. The obtained empirical relation was verified by FEM calculations using the ANSYS software. It was studied effect of the fillet radius in corners of openings on stress state of beams with sinusoidal perforation in wide range of relative height of openings. Obtained results allow to conclude that calculation of equivalent stresses in beams with sinusoidal perforation bring to divergence not exceeding 5%. 10.34910/MCE.104.14 castellated beam sinusoidal openings fillet radius von Mises equivalent stress empirical dependence FEM https://engstroy.spbstu.ru/article/2021.104.14/