Magazine of Civil Engineering

RAR RUS 12601-12601 Kozhanov Dmitry pbk996@mail.ru 0000-0000-0000-0001 Nizhny Novgorod Statе Univеrsity of Arсhitесturе and Civil Еnginееring Khazov Pavel khazov.nngasu@mail.ru

Nizhny Novgorod, Russian Federation

0000-0001-6759-0963 Nizhny Novgorod Statе Univеrsity of Arсhitесturе and Civil Еnginееring Shkoda Irina ShkodaIrinaVasil@yandex.ru

Nizhny Novgorod, Russian Federation

0000-0000-0000-0001 Nizhny Novgorod Statе Univеrsity of Arсhitесturе and Civil Еnginееring Likhacheva Svetlana razvitie@nngasu.ru

Nizhny Novgorod, Russian Federation

Strength and stability of a pipe-concrete column of a high-rise building Reinforced concrete structures are a system consisting of monolithic reinforced concrete, a steel part and connecting elements. In this article, the stress-strain state of the structures of a high-rise building is considered. The domestic experience of research and application of steel-reinforced concrete load-bearing structures is described. The analysis of the strength and stability of the most loaded column of a high-rise building is presented. The columns of the object under study are made using tubular concrete, which is a steel shell pipe working in conjunction with concrete and design fittings. Detailed finite element modeling of each tubular concrete column is labor-intensive and not optimal from the point of view of computing resources. The use of a core model is possible in the case of determining the mechanical characteristics of a tubular concrete column as a core structure. To determine the longitudinal and bending stiffness of columns, it is proposed to use a spatial solid-state model that allows for the joint operation of all these elements. According to the calculation results, the most loaded element is determined, that is, a steel shell pipe. It is shown that the loss of stability of the column as a separate element is impossible with such a configuration of the cross section. 10.34910/MCE.126.1 624.046 rod model solid-state model strength stability steel-reinforced concrete pipe concrete normal stresses composite material https://engstroy.spbstu.ru/article/2024.126.1/

RAR RUS 12602-12602 Peter the Great Saint Petersburg Polytechnic University Petrochenko Marina mpetroch@mail.ru

Polytechnicheskay, 29

LLC ID Engineering Nedviga Pavel pavel.nedviga@gmail.com

St. Petersburg, Russian Federation

57224191176 0000-0003-4271-7408 Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University Kukina Anna kukina_aa@spbstu.ru

St. Petersburg, Russian Federation

Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University Strelets Kseniya kstrelets@mail.ru

29 Politechnicheskaya St., St. Petersburg, 195251, Russia

0000-0002-5644-5629 Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University Sherstyuk Valeriya sherstyuk2.vv@yandex.ru

St. Petersburg, Russian Federation

Machine learning model for the BIM classification in IFC format In the rapid development of information technology in the field of Building Information Modeling (BIM) there is a growing need for efficient classification of construction information. One of the key steps to move towards digital construction involves creating reliable systems for classifying BIM elements, providing the foundation for various use cases, from facilitating model navigation to obtaining practical outcomes such as cost estimates and materials quantities. However, the BIM classification process in practice is labor-intensive and time-consuming and leads to an increase in the cost. This study explores the application of an innovative method, based on artificial intelligence algorithms. This method automates the assignment of codes to information model components. The research investigates classification systems, machine learning models and selects the most accurate one for the classification task. It is based on metrics such as accuracy and F1-score in order to achieve an optimal balance between the efficiency and accuracy according to predefined parameters. The article presents software for automatic prediction and assignment of codes in accordance with the selected classifier, developed on selected algorithms. 10.34910/MCE.126.2 69.05.04 classification in construction artificial intelligence classifier classification model machine learning neural networks BIM technologies BIM IFC Revit civil engineering СAD https://engstroy.spbstu.ru/article/2024.126.2/

RAR RUS 12603-12603 0009-0007-0037-6453 College of Engineering, Al Mustansiriyah University Kadhim Mohamed mohamedq1992@uomustansiriyah.edu.iq

Baghdad, Iraq

Hassan Hassan Falah hassanfalah@uomustansiriyah.edu.iq Validating the predicted axial strength of FRP-reinforced concrete circular columns Over the last three decades, researchers have significantly contributed to advancing fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) bars to address corrosion issues in conventional steel reinforcement bars embedded in components of reinforced concrete structures. This research aimed to establish an ideal allowable axial compression load for concrete columns reinforced with FRP using data from previous studies. This article compares and explains the contrasts of several of the most popular FRP codes (ACI, CSA, and JSCE) with one equation proposed in previous research using empirical information gleaned from the literature review. The models' statistical analysis compares theoretical and practical loads, Young's modulus, concrete strength, longitudinal reinforcement ratio, and transverse reinforcement ratio for hoops and spirals. Estimating the effect of FRP longitudinal bars on the applied load carried by FRP-reinforced concrete columns can be done with the help of an empirical equation that uses the compressive strength of concrete to estimate the axial stress of FRP longitudinal bars in concrete columns. Results from the CSA and the ACI were almost similar, and both were superior to those from the JSCE in terms of being ideal, consistent, and safe. The results for modulus of elasticity, concrete compressive strength, and transverse reinforcement ratio for spiral reinforcement were more stable, according to the CSA. In contrast, according to the ACI, results for longitudinal and transverse reinforcement ratios of hoop reinforcement were more stable and secure. Lastly, the previously proposed equation is the best way to determine the transverse reinforcement ratio for hoop reinforcement and the compressive strength of concrete from all codes. In conclusion, the previously proposed equation is the most effective for calculating the transverse reinforcement ratio for hoop reinforcement and compressive strength. 10.34910/MCE.126.3 69.04 fiber reinforced polymers axial load circular columns spirals hoops experimental load https://engstroy.spbstu.ru/article/2024.126.3/

RAR RUS 12604-12604 57207950600 0000-0003-3142-428X Mien Tay Construction University Lam Thanh Quang Kha lamthanhquangkhai@gmail.com

Vinh Long city, Vietnam

Input parameters of three-layer steel fiber concrete beams Many researchers have shown interest in the study of bending concrete beams. One method involves using multilayer concrete beams with a layer of steel fiber concrete. This technique aims to improve the beams' capability for supporting load and to minimize the occurrence of cracks, particularly in areas subjected to high compressive and tensile stress. The primary goal is to reduce the stress in these beams. An advantage of using three-layer steel fiber reinforced concrete beams is the ability to repair damaged beams by adding another layer of concrete on top or below the existing concrete layer. Modifying the input parameters during the three-layer beam design process significantly impacts the overall effectiveness of the beams. In this study ANSYS simulation and nonlinear material analysis was used. The objective of the study was to investigate the behavior of three-layer bending concrete beams subjected to two concentrated loads. Specifically, the study examined the impact of varying the content of steel fiber in the concrete, as well as the effects of slirrup at the ends of the beams. Furthermore, the study explored the influence of changes in the quantity and size of steel bars in the places of tensile strength, along with the effect of varying the steel fiber concrete layer's thickness. The research results on three-layer beams were used to create diagrams that depicted the relationship between load and vertical displacement, load and stress in the compressive area, and load and stress in the tensile zone. These diagrams also helped to determine the initiation and progression of cracks in three-layer beams, starting from the application of load until the utter damaging of beams. Ultimately, this information allowed to identify the specific load level that had caused the cracking and the damaging of beams. 10.34910/MCE.126.4 691.3 reinforced concrete fiber reinforced concrete stress-strain numerical simulation multilayered beam bending beam https://engstroy.spbstu.ru/article/2024.126.4/

RAR RUS 12605-12605 57203962119 0000-0001-9723-5161 National Research Moscow State Civil Engineering University Nguyen Trong-Chuc ntchuc.mta198@gmail.com 0000-0002-8906-2886 Ho Chi Minh City Open University Bui Anh Kiet kiet.ba@ou.edu.vn

Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam

The temperature nomogram to predict the maximum temperature in mass concrete At an early age, the problem of cracking in concrete structures in general and large block structures in particular often appears. Many factors affect the formation of cracks in mass concrete structures. One of the factors considered is thermal cracking. Temperature is the most important factor to consider while constructing mass concrete. The temperature is affected by cement hydration and other factors, which leads to the production of thermal cracks at an early age. Tensile stresses that are greater than the concrete’s tensile strength are typically the cause of cracking in mass concrete. These tensile stresses are more frequently caused by constraints against volumetric change, though they can also result from loads placed on the structure. Therefore, the prediction of temperature fields in massive concrete structures has been a significant challenge. This study presents a temperature nomogram by using numerical methods to quickly determine the maximum temperature in concrete structures with various characteristics, such as cement content and the initial temperature of concrete mixtures. The research results are meaningful for construction management agencies to use temperature diagrams to predict the maximum temperature in large concrete structures without the need to model the mass concrete. Besides, a nomogram can be used to predict the maximum temperature in mass concrete structures in order to prevent thermal cracks during construction and thereafter. 10.34910/MCE.126.5 666.97 mass concrete thermal analysis thermal crack temperature nomogram finite element simulation https://engstroy.spbstu.ru/article/2024.126.5/

RAR RUS 12606-12606 7005670404 Ivanovo State Polytechnic University Fedosov Sergey fedosov-academic53@mail.ru 57194450051 0000-0003-1791-8515 Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (National Research University) Aleksandrova Olga aleks_olvl@mail.ru

Moscow, Russia

National Research Moscow State Civil Engineering University Bulgakov Boris fakultetst@mail.ru 57204365742 0000-0001-7950-3003 Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (National Research University) Lukyanova Nadezhda galcevanadezda@mail.ru

Moscow, Russian Federation

57218416794 0000-0001-5840-5279 Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (National Research University) Nguyen Vinh Quang ndvquang@hueic.edu.vn

Moscow, Russia

Corrosion-resistant concretes for coastal underground structures Introduction. The underground structures of the coastal zone in Vietnam are periodically flooded with seawater, which causes corrosion of concrete. Therefore, the aim of the study is to increase the corrosion resistance of coastal underground concrete structures by modifying the structure of concrete with a complex of mineral additives obtained mainly from local raw materials, including micro- and nanosilicon, fly ash from thermal power plants and finely ground white quartz sand. In addition, it requires development of a mathematical model describing the processes of mass transfer in conditions of liquid corrosion of concrete underground structures in coastal zone, to assess their durability. Methods. The development of concrete mixtures, the study of their properties and properties of concrete, were carried out in accordance with the requirements of current Russian and Vietnamese standards. Results and Discussion. The results of experimental studies confirmed the possibility of using local raw materials to create modifying additives and obtain corrosion-resistant concretes with high performance. It was found that with an increase in the content of white quartz sand in the concrete mixture, the compressive strength of concrete increased rapidly at an early age of hardening up to 7 days, after which its growth rate gradually decreased. Replacing 60 % of river sand with white quartz sand provided the highest compressive strength, axial tension and flexural tension of concrete, which can be explained by the fact that white quartz sand is finer than river sand, and this increases the density of the concrete structure. In addition, an increase in the density of concrete can be explained by a decrease in water absorption and an increase in resistance to sulfate corrosion with an increase in the content of white quartz sand in the concrete mixture instead of river sand, as well as with the introduction of 1–1.5 % nanosilicon. Conclusions. For the construction of underground structures in the coastal zone of Vietnam, we developed corrosion-resistant concrete compositions based on local raw materials with high strength characteristics and low water absorption. A mathematical model is proposed to solve the problem of determining the mass transfer of Ca2+ ions in the system "concrete structure – moist soil – coastal area" to control the processes of mass transfer during the corrosive destruction of concrete underground structures in coastal zones periodically flooded with seawater, in order to predict their operational durability. 10.34910/MCE.126.6 691.32 underground concrete structures concrete corrosion active mineral additives mathematical modelling concrete-soil-liquid strength corrosion resistance and durability of concrete structures diffusion of Ca2+ ions https://engstroy.spbstu.ru/article/2024.126.6/

RAR RUS 12607-12607 14619019600 0000-0002-4296-4583 Посмотреть профиль этого автора в ORCID Jilin University Cao Pinlu jlucpl@jlu.edu.cn

Changchun city, Jilin Province, China

B-6662-2019 57204916380 0000-0002-6877-8420 Peter the Great Saint Petersburg Polytechnic University Kozinetc Galina galina4410@yandex.ru

St. Petersburg, Russia

Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University Badenko Vladimir vbadenko@gmail.com

St. Petersburg, Russia

Jilin University Markov Alexey

Changchun, China

57201190213 Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University Zotov Dmitry zotovdk@gmail.com

St. Petersburg, Russia

Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University Kozinetc Pavel pavelkozinetc@yandex.ru

St. Petersburg, Russia

Dynamic characteristics of a reinforced concrete frame under vibration load conditions The object of the research is the reinforced concrete frame of an industrial building. A review of publications on methods of dynamic calculation of reinforced concrete structures is presented. Computational studies were carried out using the finite element method. The initial data for the calculation are the physical characteristics of the material of concrete, steel and base, the geometric parameters of the reinforced concrete frame obtained as a result of laser scanning. The resulting point cloud was combined with a mathematical model built based on design documentation. Based on a cloud of terrestrial laser scanning points, the computational model was refined. A comparison was made between the actual and design dimensions of columns and nodes. Discrepancies in the geometric dimensions of columns, nodes and connections were determined. The strength and stability of the reinforced concrete frame were not included in the methodology, but were used to determine the geometric dimensions of the structure, which are the initial data for the research. To determine the natural frequencies and vibration modes of the reinforced concrete frame, dynamic calculations of the equipment-frame-based system were performed. The equipment is presented in the form of distributed point masses on the marks of the frame consoles. An analysis of vibrations of the frame, based on which the structure was strengthened, is presented. The dynamic load from equipment operation is specified based on the measurements of vibration values in the longitudinal direction of the frame. The resonance zone during equipment operation was determined. Based on the results of the dynamic calculation, the frame structure was strengthened to prevent resonance phenomena. Test calculations and measurements showed the efficiency of the proposed method. The first translational (in the longitudinal direction) natural frequency increased from 3.609 Hz to 6.4258 Hz. 10.34910/MCE.126.7 69.04 reinforced concrete frame load-bearing columns soil foundation natural frequencies vibration modes finite element method structural strengthening vibration accelerogram equipment https://engstroy.spbstu.ru/article/2024.126.7/

RAR RUS 12608-12608 6602801860 0000-0001-7532-0074 Penza State University of Architecture and Construction Loganina Valentina loganin@mail.ru 57199850188 0000-0002-2279-1240 Far Eastern Federal University Fediuk Roman roman44@yandex.ru

8. Suhanova St. Vladivostok, st. Octyabrskaya. 690950. Russia

V.G. Shukhov Belgorod State Technological University Lesovik Valeriy naukavs@mail.ru Belgorod State Technological University named after V.G. Shukhov Klyuev Sergey Klyuyev@yandex.ru Kazan (Volga region) Federal University Sabitov Linar sabitov-kgasu@mail.ru

Kazan, Russian Federation

V.G. Shukhov Belgorod State Technological University Lomov Maksim gera21030@yandex.ru

Belgorod, Russian Federation

branch FGBU "TSNIIP Russian Ministry of Construction" DalNIIS Vavrenyuk Svetlana trusanova2014@mail.ru

Vladivostok, Russian Federation

Far Eastern Federal University Vykhodtsev Ivan vykhodtsev.ia@dvfu.ru

Vladivostok, Russian Federation

Application of fractal analysis to assess the quality of the appearance of paint and varnish coatings The article provides information on the use of fractal dimension in assessing the quality of the appearance of paint coatings. It was established that with an increase in the surface roughness of the coating, a decrease in the appearance quality grade and an increase in the fractal dimension D are observed. A correlation between the fractal dimension and the quality class of the appearance of the coating is established. With an increase in the fractal dimension of the coating surface profile, its brightness decreases and the numerical values of the profile perimeter increase. A model of the coating surface profile length on the fractal dimension D is proposed. The results of evaluating the surface profile of the coatings indicate that with an increase in the surface tension of the paint composition, an increase in the fractal dimension and a lower quality of the appearance of the resulting coating are observed. Numerical values of the index of the fractal dimension of the surface profile of the paint coating are obtained depending on the porosity of the cement substrate. The influence of the method of applying paint on the quality of the appearance of coatings was established. 10.34910/MCE.126.8 691 composites coatings appearance quality regularities formation model https://engstroy.spbstu.ru/article/2024.126.8/

RAR RUS 12609-12609 0000-0002-3069-6059 Higher Institute of Engineering and Technology Yehia Saad saadyhy81@gmail.com

Kafrelsheikh, Egypt

0000-0002-4795-8545 Higher Institute of Engineering and Technology Shahin Ramy Ramy.shahin@gmail.com

Kafrelsheikh, Egypt

Elastic local buckling of trapezoidal plates under linear stress gradients Steel plates play a pivotal role in the construction of different types of structures used in civil engineering. According to Eurocode 3, plated structures may be designed using three different approaches: the effective width method, the reduced stress method, and the finite element analysis. For the particular case of elements under stress gradients, the effective width method utilises the local buckling coefficient of a plate to calculate the effective cross-sectional area for structural elements. Since the effective width method was developed for uniform web and flange panels, Eurocode 3 and most design codes have no specific provisions for the particular case of non-rectangular panels, stating that they may conservatively be treated as rectangular panels with larger width. With the final objective of improving design rules for tapered members, this paper presented an extensive numerical analysis to evaluate the elastic local buckling behaviour of trapezoidal plates with simply supported end conditions under stress gradients. The study identifies the relative importance of several parameters that influence the local buckling coefficient, such as the tapering ratio of the panel, normalized plate length, and stress ratio. Numerical results are used to propose approximate closed-form expressions that can be used to compute the local buckling coefficient for trapezoidal plates in a direct way. The results show that the proposed formula offers a significant improvement over current Eurocode 3 and most design codes. 10.34910/MCE.126.9 69.04 trapezoidal plate tapered plate plate buckling elastic local buckling stress gradient https://engstroy.spbstu.ru/article/2024.126.9/

RAR RUS 12610-12610 0000-0002-3009-4293 Vyatka State University Isupov Sergei Deka_1958@mail.ru

Kirov, Russian Federation

Performance of TGk dowel connector plates in wooden structure joints under long-term load The article is devoted to the study of the bearing capacity and deformation of connections of wooden structures using plates with cylindrical TGk dowels of 5 mm diameter under prolonged load action. The deformation properties of connections of wooden structures are studied to a lesser extent, including in the stage of nonlinear creep under long-term load. The purpose of the research is to confirm the operational strength and rigidity of the compounds under consideration. For the theoretical analysis of the work of connections using metal connector plates under prolonged loading, the provisions of the theory of aging of materials are used. For experimental analysis, long-term tests were carried out on samples of pine beams with dimensions of 80 x 80 x 300 mm. All samples were installed under a constant load with different loading levels. The exposure period of the samples was 730 days. As a result of the performed studies, a conclusion was made about a sufficient degree of strength and rigidity of the connections of wooden structures on the TGk metal connector plates. Isochronous curves of deformation of the wood of the dowel hole and the connections themselves for certain moments of time are obtained. A calculated diagram of the deformation of the wood of the dowel hole and calculated diagram connections under prolonged loading is constructed. The results obtained are necessary for practical calculations of composite wooden elements with this type of connections, taking into account the time of action of the load. 10.34910/MCE.126.10 624.011.1 dowel TGk metal connector plates dowel joint test scheme deformation diagram short-term diagram long-term tests wood of the dowel hole isochronous curves https://engstroy.spbstu.ru/article/2024.126.10/