75504 2712-8172 Magazine of Civil Engineering 2 37 2013 1-131
RAR RUS 3-12 Nonprofit partnership “AVOK – Severo-Zapad” Sotnikov Anatoliy asotnikov2005@yandex.ru Analytic method of determination of the external design parameters in the microclimate systems of buildings It is known that the external design parameters are quite important for designing heating, ventilation and air conditioning systems, because they determine design discharge of the building: cold (in summer) and heat (in winter). Thus they substantially influence the capital and maintenance expenditure. Until recently in many countries the external design parameters are determined quite equally, exactly by arbitrarily given provision (probability of non-exceedance). Such way of determination of the external design parameters is the one in heating facilities and ventilating equipment that does not have any system-reasonable analytic methodology. The author of this paper, using the number of researches, suggests the appropriate method, referring to outside design temperature in the frost-free season. At a later date there will be proposed another methods for design moisture content – in summer and design temperature – in winter. Analytic dependences, that come from the study, take into account all the complex of characteristics: system, technological, climatological, hygienic, static, dynamic and also probabilistic. In particular it is proved, that rather essential parameter, that generally is not taken in account in computation, is outside air consumption in the compound with recirculated air. Therefore this method requires sufficient skills of the specialist, who must be well acquainted with related fields of knowledge, technics, appropriate terminology. The new method although requires the following discussion and probable improvement, but it allows determining the external design parameters more reasonable and less complicated. If it finds a broad response, it will be recommended for design standard of microclimate systems in different countries. 10.5862/MCE.37.1 air conditions outside temperature temperature curve amplitude trend fractile object deviation https://engstroy.spbstu.ru/article/2013.37.1/ 01.pdf
RAR RUS 13-18 0000-0003-2533-9732 National Research Moscow State Civil Engineering University Samarin Oleg samarin-oleg@mail.ru Moscow State Building University Tishchenkova I. Research of adjustable parameters in the automated climatic systems at the aim of energy saving In modern conditions the special attention should be given to the automated climatic systems with a view of energy saving. In this work processes of non-stationary heat exchange in the room served by automated climatic systems are considered. Modern methods of calculation of a thermal mode of a room are stated. The interrelation between separate parameters of thermal stability of a room and automatic control of microclimate providing systems is investigated. Expression for calculation of controller gain is received. The end result is defined on the basis of receiving the approximate technique, allowing estimating the influence of a controller operating mode on total energy consumption by microclimate providing systems. This technique has a quite simple appearance and at further development allows development of engineering recommendations about the selection of optimum option of a controller operating mode for the engineering equipment. The statement is illustrated with numerical calculations by means of the created computer program and graphic examples. 10.5862/MCE.37.2 energy saving thermal balance of a room automated climatic system controller gain controller operating mode energy consumption https://engstroy.spbstu.ru/article/2013.37.2/ 02.pdf
RAR RUS 19-24 National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University Polovnikov Vyacheslav polov@tpu.ru National Research Tomsk Polytechnic University Huzeev V. Numerical analysis of the effect of freezing ground in the laying zone pads on heat loss of channelless pipelines laid out without canals The results of mathematical modeling of heating mains laid out without canals, as well as numerical analysis of their heat losses in the presence of ground freezing in the area of installation are presented. The laws of heat transfer in the system and the factors influencing the intensification of heat losses are established. It was revealed that the regulatory calculation method of pipelines’ heat losses gives overestimated values. It was found that the heat losses of pipelines subject to ground freezing in the laying zone rise by 1.65–5.04%. The deviation between the heat losses of pipelines is about 21–27%, taking into account the freezing ground in the laying zone and heat losses, calculated according to standard methods. That indicates the need to adjust the regulatory procedure. These results suggest promising application of the developed approach to the analysis of thermal conditions and heat loss of heating mains laid out without canals in conditions of freezing ground in the laying zone and the possibility of its use in the creation of energy efficient heat transfer system. 10.5862/MCE.37.3 strengthening bendable constructions carbon fiber https://engstroy.spbstu.ru/article/2013.37.3/ 03.pdf
RAR RUS 25-34 56227381900 0000-0003-2673-4566 Peter the Great Saint Petersburg Polytechnic University Nemova Darya darya.nemova@gmail.com
Polytechnicheskay, 29
 Integrated characteristics of thermogravitational convection in the air layer of ventilated facades Ventilated facades solve at least two topical problems for civil engineering: it allows reducing the humidity (concentration of water vapor) on warmed wall surface and reducing heat losses from facade to the environment. The major factor in solving these problems is the air stream, washing the facade wall in the vertical direction. For the free-convective flow the width of the channel, providing the maximum consumption of the air is called optimum width of the ventilated channel. The free-convective flow in a vertical slot gap of facade ventilated space will be stylized by a barotropic flow with an indicator of a polytrope of n, n < k proportional to intensity of a heat transfer between hot wall and air. The motivation of a choice of the sizes of the vertical ventilated channel of ventilated facades in the conditions of the free-convective flow is given in the present article and it is based on using results of numerical experiments run on real ventilated designs. 10.5862/MCE.37.4 ventilated facades vertical ventilated channel hydraulically optimum energy saving external envelopes free-convective flow https://engstroy.spbstu.ru/article/2013.37.4/ 04.pdf
RAR RUS 35-40 56426211200 0000-0002-3541-0072 Peter the Great Saint Petersburg Polytechnic University Petrichenko Mikhail fonpetrich@mail.ru
Polytechnicheskay, 29
 Peter the Great Saint Petersburg Polytechnic University Petrochenko Marina mpetroch@mail.ru
Polytechnicheskay, 29
 Peter the Great Saint Petersburg Polytechnic University Yavtushenko Yevgeniya yavtushenko_89@mail.ru
Polytechnicheskay, 29
 A hydraulically optimum ventilated gap The issues of increasing the energy efficiency of buildings and reducing their operating costs are very important today. Researches on this subject show that application of ventilated facades improves energy efficiency of buildings an average by 30%. Now we have a high demand for ventilated facades, which are used as a decorative element or as the additional heat and wind protection in construction technology. Ventilated facades with ventilated air gap are special case of building construction. This construction consist of ventilated air layers which protect heat insulation from different environmental effects and availability of convection motions removes water from the atmosphere, which includes keeping heater in position with low humidity. The aim of this work was to assess the hydraulically optimum ventilation holes in the hinged facades of the buildings and structures. Thus, it was found that for any ventilated facade there is an optimum distance from the screen to the wall which is defined by the height of a crack, conditions of transfer of heat and resistance to the freeconvective flow in the ventilated space. 10.5862/MCE.37.5 ventilated facades convection free-convective flow ventilated gap optimal size slotted channel https://engstroy.spbstu.ru/article/2013.37.5/ 05.pdf
RAR RUS 41-47 Yuri Gagarin State Technical University or Saratov Kalyakin Aleksandr elevadim@gmail.com Yuri Gagarin State Technical University or Saratov Chesnokova Elena adamas.elena@gmail.com Addition to the method of dimensional analysis in hydraulic problems The modern engineering design, structures, and especially machines running of new technologies set to engineers the problems that require immediate solution. Therefore, the importance of the method of dimensional analysis as a tool for ordinary engineer is increasing, allows developers to get quick and quite simple solution of even very complex tasks. The method of dimensional analysis is being applied to almost any field of physics and engineering, but it is especially effective at solving problems of mechanics and applied mechanics – hydraulics, fluid mechanics, structural mechanics, etc. Until now the main obstacle to the application of the method of dimensional analysis in its classic form was a multifactorial problem (with many arguments), the solution of which was rather difficult and sometimes impossible. In order to overcome these difficulties, the authors of this study proposed a simple method – application of the combined option avoiding these difficulties. The main result of the study is a simple algorithm which application will make it possible to solve a large class of previously unsolvable problems. 10.5862/MCE.37.6 method of dimensional analysis the functional dependence of the thickness of the film flowing down the speed of the surface waves the combined option the correlation of forces the dimension of the parameter https://engstroy.spbstu.ru/article/2013.37.6/ 06.pdf
RAR RUS 48-53 Saratov State Technical University of Yuri Gagarin Vysotskiy Lev vysotli@jandex.ru Do the zones with negative eddy viscosity in longitudinally homogeneous turbulent flows exist? The article explains the experimental data and confirms the presence of a thin wall layer with contragradient flow in longitudinally homogeneous turbulent flows. Review of opinions about the possibility of existence of zones with negative turbulent viscosity in the longitudinally homogeneous turbulent flows is given. There were obtained criteria, which make it easy to identify the areas with negative turbulent viscosity using empirical formulas. Application of the proposed criteria to the most noted empirical formulas revealed the record of the estimated area. Engaging with the same purpose of the most accurate experimental data has led to a positive result that allows drawing a definite conclusion about the existence of the zone with negative turbulent viscosity near the solid boundaries of longitudinally homogeneous flows. 10.5862/MCE.37.7 time mean velocity models of longitudinally homogenous flows negative eddy viscosity https://engstroy.spbstu.ru/article/2013.37.7/ 07.pdf
RAR RUS 54-61 Peter the Great Saint Petersburg Polytechnic University Isaev Sergey isaev3612@yandex.ru
Polytechnicheskay, 29
 M-6585-2013 6508103761 0000-0002-1196-8004 Peter the Great Saint Petersburg Polytechnic University Vatin Nikolai vatin@mail.ru
Polytechnicheskay, 29
 Khistianovitch Institute of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics SB RAS Lebiga V. Khistianovitch Institute of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics SB RAS Zinoviev V. National Cheng Kung University Chang Keh-Chin National Cheng Kung University Miau Jiun-Jih Problems and methods of numerical and experimental investigation of high rise constructions’ aerodynamics in the coastal region "sea-land" Problems and methods of numerical and experimental studies of wind flow in the surface layer in the coastal zone "sea-land" and its impact on the urban area with high-rise constructions in view of a discrete roughness terrain and its topography are discussed. Some environmental conditions associated with the transport and dispersion of contaminants are under consideration. Among the problems to be solved, there are several interconnected tasks: prediction of unsteady wind loads on high-rise buildings in urban area taking into account discrete roughness (including forests and topography) in the coastal zone; rational arrangement of buildings in the city area on the basis of the minimum drag criterion; experimental study of mean and fluctuation characteristics in turbulent flow over isolated body, tandem and packages of bodies. Application of numerical simulation in the framework of multiblock computational technologies to make valid prediction of wind loads in urban area with high-rise buildings using an approach based on solving URANS equation system jointly with SAS-MSST models of turbulence can be used. The special attention is paid to development of the coordinated conditions on entrance border of calculating area on the basis of the solution of a three-dimensional task on evolution of atmospheric boundary layer on a rough surface. Experimental study of turbulent characteristics in shear areas of a flow around building models is performed by means of the intrusive diagnostics which are capable of measuring instantaneous positive and negative velocities with high time resolution, including the hot-wire technique developed at ITAM SB RAS and by split-fiber film technique developed at Department of Astronautics and Aeronautics (DAA) of National Chen Kung University (NCKU). Accuracies of the employed intrusive diagnostics are examined by comparing with the data obtained with the non-intrusive PIV technique. At studying of non-stationary processes the application of methods of the Wavelet-analysis and empirical decomposition of fluctuations, developed in DAA on time-frequency modes with Hilbert transformation is employed. 10.5862/MCE.37.8 high buildings wind influence unsteady flow forces pulsation calculation verification multiblock grids models of turbulence URANS program package hot-wire technique PIV technique Waveletanalysis https://engstroy.spbstu.ru/article/2013.37.8/ 08.pdf
RAR RUS 62-66 Peter the Great Saint Petersburg Polytechnic University Kaverin Aleksandr kaverin2004@mail.ru
Polytechnicheskay, 29
 Experimental results on flow rates’ changing limits behind the step spillway Step spillway flow phenomenon is known for about 100 years. Subject of special interest in terms of application in engineering practice is the change of submerged bottom flow conditions for step spillway and surface flow conditions when depth behind the step spillway is increasing. In reference literature and scientific publications there are often theoretical and empirical dependences of determining hydraulic depth, corresponding to flow rates’ changing limits behind the downstream by step. But empiric formulas have clear range of application. Results of experimental findings on investigation of flow rates’ changing limits (plane problem) behind the downstream by step spillway, taking into account small Froude numbers, are given. Experiments were carried out on hydraulic model. The empirical dependences for upper limit evaluating the formation of surface flow conditions and submergence of surface and surface-bottom flow conditions are obtained. Dependences are in line with experimental findings. 10.5862/MCE.37.9 step flow step spillway surface flow conditions bottom flow conditions experimental research https://engstroy.spbstu.ru/article/2013.37.9/ 09.pdf
RAR RUS 67-74 Peter the Great Saint Petersburg Polytechnic University Mikhalev Mikhail mikhalev@cef.spbstu.ru
Polytechnicheskay, 29
 Modeling of channel erosion downstream spillway dams The channel erosion downstream spillway dams in non-cohesive materials has been analyzed from the viewpoint of methods of similarity and dimension theory. The obtained criterion equation connects the maximum depth of the local erosion with its determining parameters: length of concrete lining of bed in the down water of the spillway dam; Froude number at the contracted cross section; Archimedes and Reynolds criterions; submergence factor of hydraulic jump. The problem may be formulated as follows: the geometric size of the structure, kinematics and dynamics of the flows in the model are similar to that in the prototype. Conditions under which the characteristic depth of the local erosion in the model would be recomputed into the prototype, like any geometric size, are being discussed. 10.5862/MCE.37.10 spillway dams channel erosion non-cohesive soil methods of similarity and dimension theory criteria equation Froude number Archimedes number Reynolds number depth of the local erosion model prototype https://engstroy.spbstu.ru/article/2013.37.10/ 10.pdf
RAR RUS 75-80 6602848417 0000-0002-0587-4722 National Research Moscow State Civil Engineering University Kantardgi Izmail kantardgi@yandex.ru Ukrainian Center of Environmental and Water Projects Maderich Vladimir vladmad@gmail.com Water quality protection in the coastal artificial water areas The method based on the numerical modeling of the processes, forecasting and sea water quality assurance at the design stage of the coastal hydraulic constructions like ports, recreational and bank protection structures is presented. The half-closed coastal water areas are the object of the intensive pollution and in the same time have the limited water exchange with the main basin. The research objective was the development of forecasting method of the water quality in the harborage and the guidelines on the required water quality supply. The study was carried out for the conditions of the yacht port “Grand-Marina Sochi”, which is being designed for placing in the area of seaport Sochi. The oil spill and the failures at the wastewater treatment facilities are considered like the sources of the pollution. The numerical modeling of flow fields has been applied to forecast the spreading of the pollution under the determined hydro-meteorological scenarios. On the basis of the study there were made recommendations on the program of the environmental monitoring of the sea water quality in the harborage. 10.5862/MCE.37.11 sea water quality coastal hydraulic structures water quality forecasting yacht port oil spill accidents numerical modeling of flow fields hydro-meteorological scenarios environmental monitoring https://engstroy.spbstu.ru/article/2013.37.11/ 11.pdf
RAR RUS 81-88 M-6585-2013 6508103761 0000-0002-1196-8004 Peter the Great Saint Petersburg Polytechnic University Vatin Nikolai vatin@mail.ru
Polytechnicheskay, 29
 Peter the Great Saint Petersburg Polytechnic University Chechevichkin Viktor filter-w@mail.ru
Polytechnicheskay, 29
 Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University Chechevichkin Alexey 01@6400840.ru
29 Politechnicheskaya St., St. Petersburg, 195251, Russia
 Peter the Great Saint Petersburg Polytechnic University Shilova Yekaterina ekaterinaxiii@mail.ru
Polytechnicheskay, 29
 Possible applications of clinoptilolites for natural water purification Possible applications of clinoptilolites (CP) in natural water purification processes from various contaminants are evaluated. Sorption properties of CP in various deposits of Russia are studied in relation to heavy metal ions. It was found that the studied specimens have a considerable sorption exchange capacity not only for ions of toxic (Hg2+, Cd2+, Pb2'), but also other heavy metals (Cu2+, Co2+, Ni2+, Zn2+, Ba2+ , Sr2+). It is shown that CP sorption capacity is more efficient when a Mn2+ ion is removed from natural water compared to synthetic ion-exchange resins and activated coals. The dynamic sorption capacities for a Mn2+ ion up to a breakthrough 0.01 mg/1 and 0.1 mg/1 is determined. The CP sorption capacity is insignificant for various halide ions except a fluoride ion the removal of which from natural underground waters is possible with the help of sorption on CP. It was proposed to use CP for removing natural radionuclides (radium 226 and potassium 40) from deep wellbore waters. The purification efficiency with the initial radium 226 concentration at the level 3,0 Bq/I (30 MPC) was not below 96%. The efficiency of removing potassium 40 natural isotope depends on the CP form and is maximal for Na form. Post treatment of natural waters after their coagulation treatment with the use of CP has been studied. It is shown that sorption filters with CP allow not only post-treatment of waters from excessive aluminum and zinc, but also additional reduction of odor, color, and ammonium ion content. 10.5862/MCE.37.12 natural zeolites clinoptilolite purification of natural waters https://engstroy.spbstu.ru/article/2013.37.12/ 12.pdf
RAR RUS 89-103 Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University Soldatenko Tamara soldatenko_tn@bk.ru
29 Politechnicheskaya St., St. Petersburg, 195251, Russia
 Model of work management in the operating organization for the maintenance of building systems Known methods of work management for the maintenance of engineering systems of buildings and structures do not fully take into account results of forecasting of physical wear of systems and the operating organizations possibilities. Such methods do not allow forming the production program considering an actual state of building systems and restriction on resources of various types. Relevance of the offered approach consists in jointly using the individual forecasting results of physical wear of building system and financial streams indicator in model of economic performance of management productivity of this system, and also the following optimization of the production program of the operating organization in the form of a binary mathematical programming problem. The purpose of the work is to increase the efficiency of decision-making at justification of types of work management for the maintenance of building systems. The goal is reached by using the device of analytical and probabilistic forecasting of trend of building system condition and formation of an expression for average balance in function not only from indicators of a financial stream, but also from level of physical wear of object. It is offered to consider the received ratio as criterion function of binary programming problem in which required variables are indicators of a choice of the appropriate work of the engineering system maintenance. The described approach was checked by settlement approbation as applied to formation of the production program of the operating organization, optimum by criterion of a maximum of economic productivity and restrictions on finances and time, and showed the working capacity. On the basis of these results the conclusions are drawn on the area and conditions of application of the developed algorithms and models. 10.5862/MCE.37.13 physical wear of engineering system binary variable individual forecasting problem of boolean programming https://engstroy.spbstu.ru/article/2013.37.13/ 13.pdf