75504 2712-8172 Magazine of Civil Engineering 3 79 2018 1-149
RAR RUS 3-13 Siberian state automobile and road university Krasnoshchekov Yurii uv1942@mail.ru Siberian state automobile and road university Krasotina Larisa krasotina.larisa@gmail.com Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí “UASLP” Pulido-Delgado Jose Luis jpulido@uaslp.mx
San Luis Potosi, Mexico
 Models of direct anchoring of reinforcement in concrete When analyzing methods for calculating the anchoring of non-tension reinforcement of reinforced concrete structures, it has been established that there are two types of destruction of concrete in the anchoring zone by shearing or cracking. They are based on the results of research of the strength the adhesion of reinforcement with concrete and testing of specimens with the same type. A new model of anchoring has been created. This model initial moment is the equality of deformations of the elements of equality deformation elements. A new anchoring model was developed. This model is based on the equality of deformations of the elements. For theoretical substantiation were used the ideas of the theory of elasticity about the action of a concentrated force at the point of half-space and the results of computer simulation of the anchoring zone of reinforcement in concrete. Modeling of reinforced concrete samples was carried out using the finite element method. 10.18720/MCE.79.1 reinforced concrete; stress-strain state; anchoring of reinforcement; modeling and theory of elasticity https://engstroy.spbstu.ru/article/2018.79.1/ 01.pdf
RAR RUS 14-26 Moscow State Automobile and Road Technical University Mandrovskiy Konstantin effectmash@mail.ru Moscow State Automobile and Road Technical University Sadovnikova Yana jana.sadovnikova@yandex.ru Characteristics of the droplet motion of a liquid antifreeze reagent The object of investigation is the process of spraying of the anti-icing reagent. As an object of research, external forces are selected that affect on each drop of the reagent: counteraction forces, gravity forces, Coriolis force and centrifugal inertial forces, lifting force, frictional forces of the reagent on the surface of the working equipment: disk and blades. It is assumed that the liquid reactant is fed under pressure to the hydraulic nozzles installed in the disk casing, and then falls onto the distribution disk. The tasks solved within the framework of the article: the identification of external forces acting on each drop of the reagent from the moment of flow from the nozzle to the moment when it reaches the coating, the study of the effect of external forces on the characteristics of droplet motion, the mathematical description of the process of formation of the sputtering zone. To refine the droplet motion characteristics under the action of external forces using the already available mathematical description of the droplet motion along a distribution disk, a mathematical model of their motion in the air environment has been developed. The equation of motion of the drops of the reagent, the dependences of the droplet's flight range on the mode and parameters of the working equipment are obtained. Meteorological factors such as wind speed and direction, as well as air environment properties (dynamic and kinematic viscosity, depending on the temperature of the medium) are considered in the simulation. This model will provide an opportunity to the reasonably assignation of the parameters of the distribution equipment during their design and operation and will also serve as a base for mathematical and software systems for the continuous monitoring of the process of applying liquid reagents for road and airfield pavements. Its operation will allow to provide a high-quality treatment of coatings ensuring the preservation of their operational properties and to make a reagent savings. 10.18720/MCE.79.2 anti-icing reagents (AR); airfield and road surfaces; distribution disk; nozzle; mathematical model of the motion of a drop of AR; a drop of AR; air environment; monitoring system of the process of distribution of reagents https://engstroy.spbstu.ru/article/2018.79.2/ 02.pdf
RAR RUS 27-35 National Research Moscow State Civil Engineering University Orlov Vladimir orlov950@yandex.ru National Research Moscow State Civil Engineering University Dezhina Irina dejina07@mail.ru National Research Moscow State Civil Engineering University Orlov Evgeniy jeks-2003@yandex.ru Micro-turbulence of the stream and its connection with the roughness of the pipeline inner surface This study has been aimed at investigating the problems of a fluid stream flowing in an open chute, which imitates a small-diameter gravity pipeline (up to 150 mm) at low rates of sewage. The works on a specially developed hydraulic bench have enabled determination of the conditions of the flow vortex formation (micro-turbulence) by changing the geometric shape of the internal surface of the pipe by placing artificial protrusions (obstacles) on it, which can help to prevent deposition of suspended particles on the pipeline surface and facilitate their efficient removal. The technique of carrying out hydraulic experiments on the bench has been developed. Several types of artificial obstacles have been studied to investigate their activity in creation of micro-turbulence phenomena on the inner surface of the chute near the frontal surface of streamlined obstacles that can contribute to the stable transport capacity of suspended solids in the flow of a moving fluid. As obstacles, provision has been made of single and grouped bars made of metal and polymeric materials in the form of a parallelepiped and a cylinder, a polyhedron in the form of a prism and screw-nuts, as well as obstacles in the form of an inverted spherical segment, etc. Based on the results of study of the fluid stream flow in an open chute, as well as the location of obstacles, the nature of the vortex formation before and after them was revealed, the optimal geometric dimensions of the obstacles have been got and the areas of disturbance zones at low water flow rates (less than 0.4 m/s) have been determined. 10.18720/MCE.79.3 gravity pipelines; the surface shape; artificial obstacles; local micro-turbulence; flow rate https://engstroy.spbstu.ru/article/2018.79.3/ 03.pdf
RAR RUS 36-44 6602647191 GORPROJECT Travush Vladimir travush@mail.ru
3rd Floor, 5, Bldg. 5A Nizhnyi Susal'nyi lane, 105064, Moscow, Russia
 JSC Research Center of Construction Konin Denis konden@inbox.ru JSC Research Center of Construction Krylov Alexey kryl07@mail.ru Strength of composite steel and concrete beams of highperformance concrete A brief review of the use of high-performance concrete in monolithic structures in Russia in recent years is made; the last experimental work for the study of high-performance concrete in composite steel and concrete structures is observed. Strength assessment of composite steel and concrete beams has been carried out by a pure-bending test. The models destruction pattern has been described. Vertical displacement and crack width measurement results have been conducted; comparison with the standardized values has been carried out. The models steel core and concrete stress-strain diagrams have been presented, their features have been pointed out. The existing methods of calculating composite steel and concrete structures have been estimated by the ultimate and service limit state. The results necessary to carry out numerical studies in the sphere of contact interaction have been obtained. 10.18720/MCE.79.4 reinforced concrete; composite steel and concrete structures; crack width; stresses; strain; standard-based calculation; crack resistance; numerical simulation; verification https://engstroy.spbstu.ru/article/2018.79.4/ 04.pdf
RAR RUS 45-53 Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University Korovina Victoria vika9696@inbox.ru
29 Politechnicheskaya St., St. Petersburg, 195251, Russia
 Peter the Great Saint Petersburg Polytechnic University Dernakova Aleksandra sasha231296@mail.ru
Polytechnicheskay, 29
 Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University Aleksandra Bushmanova nicealexa@mail.ru
29 Politechnicheskaya St., St. Petersburg, 195251, Russia
 Peter the Great Saint Petersburg Polytechnic University Kharchenko Daria dashulity@gmail.com
Polytechnicheskay, 29
 Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University Semenov Kirill kvsemenov@bk.ru
29 Politechnicheskaya St., St. Petersburg, 195251, Russia
 7801686579 0000-0001-7011-8213 Peter the Great Saint Petersburg Polytechnic University Barabanschikov Yuri ugb@mail.ru
Polytechnicheskay, 29
 Thermal cracking resistance in massive steel-reinforced concrete structures The work is dedicated to research of the thermal crack resistance in massive steelreinforced concrete structures in construction period. The article examines the results of the analysis of the thermal stress state, which occurs in massive steel-reinforced concrete column. The steel part of the column is represented by a system of cross UC-beams. The study was conducted with using analytical models, which include the factor of steel profiles availability in comparison with simplified methods. Authors established that calculations of thermal stresses state of massive steel-reinforced concrete structures in construction period should be carried out with using analytical models, which assumed accounting of the availability steel profiles in cross-section of the column. Structure heating and tension stresses are significantly lower in this case. With all characteristics averaged, maximum tension stresses are less than real by 50.9% and thickness of the thermal insulation is less than required 5 times. Was defined, that calculations of thermal crack resistance in construction period of steel-reinforced concrete structures by simplified analytical model (which assume absence of steel profiles in cross-section of the column) lead to significant errors. 10.18720/MCE.79.5 steel-reinforced concrete; stressed state; cracking resistance; analytic model; construction period https://engstroy.spbstu.ru/article/2018.79.5/ 05.pdf
RAR RUS 54-65 57194112309 0000-0001-6184-2365 Vyatka State University Tyukalov Yury yutvgu@mail.ru Refined finite element of rods for stability calculation The article deals with the application of a rod finite element with five degrees of freedom in a node to solve problems of stability of planar rod systems. In the presented finite element, additional degrees of freedom are introduced in the nodes in the form of curvature and axial deformation. Additional degrees of freedom provide a higher degree of approximation of displacements and deformations along the length of the finite element, which can be useful for calculation of rods with variable rigidity, as well as for solving geometrically nonlinear problems and stability problems. In this paper the elements of stiffness matrix and the elements of geometric matrix of the finite element are obtained. The results of the calculation of straight rods and frames under various conditions of support and various loads are presented. A comparison is made with the results of calculations using a classic finite element with three degrees of freedom. It is shown that the introduction of additional degrees of freedom at the nodes, in the form of the curvature of the axis and longitudinal deformation, makes it possible in a few cases to more accurately determine the value of the critical load. In this case, the system has more degrees of freedom, so the approximation of the forms of stability loss is more accurate. 10.18720/MCE.79.6 finite element stability rod critical parameter https://engstroy.spbstu.ru/article/2018.79.6/ 06.pdf
RAR RUS 66-76 Far Eastern Federal University Kulichkov Sergey seku@yandex.ru Stoyushko Natalya Far Eastern Federal University Gladkova Natalia roman442012@gmail.com 57194347544 Far Eastern Federal University Timokhin Roman gera210307@yandex.ru
8. Suhanova St. Vladivostok, st. Octyabrskaya. 690950. Russia
 57199850188 0000-0002-2279-1240 Far Eastern Federal University Fediuk Roman roman44@yandex.ru
8. Suhanova St. Vladivostok, st. Octyabrskaya. 690950. Russia
 V.G. Shukhov Belgorod State Technological University Lesovik Valeriy naukavs@mail.ru 6701823730 0000-0003-0564-3307 Peoples' Friendship University of Russia Svintsov Alexandr svintsovap@rambler.ru Far Eastern Federal University Mochalov Aleksandr captainvmf@yandex.ru
8. Suhanova St. Vladivostok, st. Octyabrskaya. 690950. Russia
 Self-compacting concrete using pretreatmented rice husk ash Self-compacting concrete was obtained by partially replacing Portland cement with a previously prepared rice husk ash Preliminary preparation included the thermal treatment of the ash under various conditions. The optimum technology of preparation, allowing to receive a homogeneous concrete mix is revealed. All concrete mixtures were designed in such a way as to have a slump flow of 680 ± 30 mm in diameter, which was achieved by using different dosages of a superplasticizer based on polycarboxylate ether. All mixtures with the replacement of cement by ash to 25 % meet the requirements for rheological characteristics and resistance to segregation. The bulk density for the samples with 10 %, 15 %, 20 % and 25 % of the rice husk ash was reduced by 3.19 %, 5.18 %, 5.58 and 6.37 % respectively, compared to the samples without ash. An increase in the rice husk ash content led to a decrease in the early mechanical properties, while the final strength of self-compacting concrete containing ash was comparable to conventional samples. This was achieved due to the pozzolanic activity of the ash. Inclusion of rice husk ash reduced the amount of portlandite in the system by obtaining an additional C-S-H gel, which led to matrix compacting and blocking of networks with open porosity. 10.18720/MCE.79.7 self-compacting concrete; rice husk ash; pozzolanic materials; heat treatment; fresh properties; mechanical properties https://engstroy.spbstu.ru/article/2018.79.7/ 07.pdf
RAR RUS 77-85 6506150284 0000-0003-1139-3164 Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (National Research University) Sainov Mikhail mp_sainov@mail.ru
Moscow, Russia
 National Research Moscow State University of Civil Engineering Kotov Filipp filipp_net@mail.ru National Research Moscow State Civil Engineering University Nazarov Nikita g-i905@rambler.ru Serviceability of rockfill dam with reinforced concrete face and grout curtain The article deals with design validation of a new structural design of an embankment dam, i.e. rockfill dam with seepage-control element of composite design. It consists of a reinforced concrete face (in the dam upper part) and a wide grout curtain (in the dam lower part). Analyses of the dam stress-strain state (SSS) were conducted on the example of a 235 m high dam. Numerical modeling of the dam was performed with consideration of its construction and loading sequence, as well as non-linear deformation of rockfill. Impact of rockfill deformation and grout curtain material on the dam SSS was studied. It was revealed that conditions of the reinforced concrete face operation in the considered dam structural design differ from conditions of its operation in the dam of t classical design; it is subject to not tensile but compressive longitudinal force. This effect decreases the risk of cracking in the face. However, it should be taken into account that under certain conditions the compressive longitudinal stresses in the face may exceed the concrete compressive strength, therefore, the face thickness (in the lower part) is recommended to be taken equal more than 2 m. The least safe assembly of the considered dam structural design is interface of two seepage-control elements. It is arranged with the aid of a concrete gallery located under the grout curtain. SSS of the reinforced concrete face lower part greatly depends on the grout curtain deformations. To provide the face safety the deformation modulus of the grout curtain material should be not less than that of rockfill. The grout curtain strength and SSS are mainly determined by the material deformation. At high rigidity of the curtain material there is a danger of appearance in it of tensile stresses and separation of the curtain from the rock foundation. It is recommended to arrange the grout curtain of clay-cement grouts so that deformation modulus of the curtain material does not exceed 500 МPа. 10.18720/MCE.79.8 rockfill dam; reinforced concrete face; grout curtain; stress-strain state; numerical modeling https://engstroy.spbstu.ru/article/2018.79.8/ 08.pdf
RAR RUS 86-94 56826013600 Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University Gravit Marina marina.gravit@mail.ru
29 Politechnicheskaya St., St. Petersburg, 195251, Russia
 Peter the Great Saint Petersburg Polytechnic University Golub Elena alen-go@bk.ru
Polytechnicheskay, 29
 LLC Prozask Antonov Sergey asp@prozask.ru Fire protective dry plaster composition for structures in hydrocarbon fire The result of the combustion of fire hazardous materials at the facilities of the oil and gas complex is extensive fires, characterizing the rapid temperature rise, and as a result the destruction of load-bearing structures occurs. The dynamics of the development of such fire type requires a different approach to test the structures in order to determine the limit of fire resistance. The article presents European and American normative documents that contain methods for testing structures taking into account the requirements for the hydrocarbon temperature regime of a fire. I-steel cross-sections with flame retardant coating "Fendolite MII" are tested, and the fire resistance of these structures is defined. Conclusions on the need to conduct numerous fire tests with different types of fire protection under a hydrocarbon fire regime in Russia were made in order to obtain the necessary experimental database sufficient to create a unified methodology for calculating and introducing it into national standards. 10.18720/MCE.79.9 oil and gas facilities; steel structures; fire resistance limit; passive fire protection; fire protection means; hydrocarbon fire https://engstroy.spbstu.ru/article/2018.79.9/ 09.pdf
RAR RUS 95-102 Earth Cryosphere Institute SB RAS Ivanov Konstantin sillicium@bk.ru Granulated foam-glass ceramics for ground protection against freezing The problem of seasonal freezing and frost heaving of soils of the engineering structures foundations is considered. For the purpose of thermal protection of soils, a granular inorganic closedporous material, named granulated foam-glass ceramic is proposed. In the laboratory modeling of seasonal freezing, the dynamics of temperature and deformation, as well as the distribution of moisture over the depth of the soil, were studied in three cases: a soil without thermal insulation, a soil with a layer of granulated foam glass ceramics and a soil with an extruded polystyrene layer. Simulation was carried out with ensuring the flow of water to the freezing front. Heat-insulating layers allow to reduce frost heaving of models to the same extent (in comparison with soil without insulation) due to the decreasing of the depth of soil freezing. As a result, the relationship of soil deformations with the distribution of temperature and humidity over the depth of the soil was established. The increased frost heaving deformation of the soil without a heat-insulating layer is explained by the significant migration of capillary water to the upper layer of soil at freezing. The data of the annual monitoring of the experimental road section with the thermal insulation layer of granular foam-glass ceramics placed in embankment is given. The suggested constructive measure was made it possible to substantially reduce the depth of seasonal freezing of the soil compared with the typical road section. 10.18720/MCE.79.10 foam-glass ceramic; frost heaving; seasonal freezing; thermal protection of soils https://engstroy.spbstu.ru/article/2018.79.10/ 10.pdf
RAR RUS 103-111 Peter the Great Saint Petersburg Polytechnic University Vieira Gabriel gabriel.vieira@poli.ufrj.br
Polytechnicheskay, 29
 56426211200 0000-0002-3541-0072 Peter the Great Saint Petersburg Polytechnic University Petrichenko Mikhail fonpetrich@mail.ru
Polytechnicheskay, 29
 57189345350 0000-0002-8380-0067 Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University Koriakovtseva (Musorina) Tatiana
29 Politechnicheskaya St., St. Petersburg, 195251, Russia
 Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University Zaborova Daria
St. Petersburg, Russia
 Behavior of a hollowed-wood ventilated façade during temperature changes The Ventilated Façade System is a reasonably new technique, which was developed in Europe with the need of cost savings from the energy for cooling and heating of constructions. This system, established in the 1960’s, was an acknowledged as a constructive innovation both for esthetics and functional aims. Therefore, its use has spread not just during buildings’ retrofit but also in new constructions. Despite this fact, the applicability of wood with a hollow through it for ventilated façades remain quite unknown, as mainly of these façades are built with conventional materials such as concrete, lightweight concrete, brick, ceramic, wood panels and glasses. Due to that circumstance, this paper will simulate the behavior of a wood-hollowed when submitted to temperature variations (from 10 ºC to 30 ºC), in a small-scale (1:10). During the trials, the hollowed-wood sample was set in two directions: horizontal and vertical. In addition, trials were carried out with/without insulation material, and with cyclic and non-cyclic temperature variations. The result shows that hollowed-wood presents better behavior when accompanied with thermal insulation materials, reducing the rate, on which the temperature changes inside it. In addition, different orientations of the sample lead to slight difference comportment as well as the increase of the size of the hole in the wood. 10.18720/MCE.79.11 ventilated façade; hollowed wood; energy efficient; thermal performance; enclosure structure https://engstroy.spbstu.ru/article/2018.79.11/ 11.pdf
RAR RUS 112-119 57189360151 0000-0001-6867-4050 West Pomeranian University of Technology Szczecin Orlovich Romuald orlowicz@yandex.ru
al. Piastów 17, 70-310 Szczecin, Poland
 Peter the Great Saint Petersburg Polytechnic University Bespalov Vladimir chanchullero@yandex.ru
Polytechnicheskay, 29
 Branch of RUE Institute BelNIIS – Scientific-technical Centre Derkach Valeriy v-derkatch@yandex.ru
267/2, Moskovskaya str., Brest, 224017 Belarus
 Compressed-bent masonry walls reinforced with composite materials Despite the wide spread of surface composite reinforcement of masonry structures, there is not enough information concerning methods of calculating such reinforced structures in the actual normative literature. The article proposes a numerical model for estimating the effect of composite reinforcement on the bearing capacity of a compressed-bent masonry wall which is constructed on the basis of experimental studies of walls from cellular concrete blocks. The numerical model takes into account the plastic work of the masonry under compression and the possibility of crack formation. Theoretical curves are obtained for the dependence of the bearing capacity of reinforced and nonreinforced masonry on the relationship between the compressive force and the bending moment. It is shown that the accepted reinforcement gives the greatest effect in the range of loads from pure bending to compression with bending at a compressive load value equal to half the failure load under pure compression. Such numerical design model can be used to evaluate the effect of reinforcing vaults and walls loaded eccentrically, or from the plane, and other similar structures. 10.18720/MCE.79.12 masonry walls; bending compression; composite reinforcement; load bearing capacity; interaction curves https://engstroy.spbstu.ru/article/2018.79.12/ 12.pdf
RAR RUS 120-131 23 State Marine Design Institute – branch of “31 State Design Institute of Special Construction” Schemelinin Dmitry dimabens@gmail.com 23 State Marine Design Institute – branch of “31 State Design Institute of Special Construction” Lebedev Vladimir vladimir.v.lebedev@mail.ru 23 State Marine Design Institute – branch of “31 State Design Institute of Special Construction” Nudner Igor igor_nudner@mail.ru Peter the Great Saint Petersburg Polytechnic University Belyaev Nikolay dnd@mail.ru
Polytechnicheskay, 29
 36338165900 Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University Semenov Konstantin semenov.k.k@gmail.com
29 Politechnicheskaya St., St. Petersburg, 195251, Russia
 The formation of the seabed surface relief near the gravitational object During the interaction of waves and currents with objects established in the shallow offshore areas, scour of their base may occur. At the same time, it is always necessary to exclude the appearance of significant seabed scour near supporting parts of gravity-type platforms during the process of their design. The article presents the results of experimental studies of processes occurring under the impact of flows of various types on gravity-type structures and their foundations. The model of Prirazlomnaya platform and the model of drilling barge, which were performed on a scale of 1:60, were used as typical models of offshore structures of gravitational type. Analogies between ship and sand waves are revealed, conditions of appearance of soil waves interference from the rear face of platforms are analyzed. 10.18720/MCE.79.13 gravity-type structure; flow; waves; ship waves; sand waves; interference https://engstroy.spbstu.ru/article/2018.79.13/ 13.pdf
RAR RUS 132-139 Peter the Great Saint Petersburg Polytechnic University Rassokhin Aleksandr rassokhinaleksandr@gmail.com
Polytechnicheskay, 29
 Ponomarev Andrey 9293522@gmail.com International Nanotechnology Research Center Polymate Figovsky Oleg figovsky@gmail.com
Migdal Haemek, Israel
 Ultra-light hybrid composite wood-polymer structural materials in construction In the 21st century, wood construction is again widespread. Industrial wood ceased to be perceived as a material for household buildings and low-rise rural houses and began to be used in the construction of large-span, high-rise and unique buildings and structures. The paper analyzes the use of wood for the construction of large-span, high-rise and unique buildings and structures. The results of experimental studies of hollow wooden parts, developed by the authors, impregnated with epoxy compositions, modified by sulfoadducts of nanoclusters of carbon ("Ugleron C") are given. The possibility of external reinforcement of wood with high-strength carbon fiber grids is considered. The technology of additional strengthening of wooden parts by an external membrane from a multifunctional composite water compatible coating "EpoxyPAN" has also been proven. The results of physical and mechanical tests of samples of ultralight hybrid wood-polymer components are presented. The spheres of their application in park construction, wooden bridge construction, construction of wooden high-rise, largespan and unique buildings and structures are analyzed. 10.18720/MCE.79.14 hybrid wood-polymer composites; impregnation; gradient toughening; external reinforcement; sulfo adducts of the carbon nanoclusters https://engstroy.spbstu.ru/article/2018.79.14/ 14.pdf
RAR RUS 140-149 Open joint stock company scientific, research, design and surveying institute “Lenmetrogiprotrans” Vvedenskij Roman romanvvedenskij@gmail.com Saint-Petersburg Mining University Gendler Semen sgendler@mail.ru Emperor Alexander I St. Petersburg State Transport University Titova Tamila t.s.ttitova@gmail.com Environmental impact of the tunnel construction The object of research are traffic tunnels at the combined road (motorway and railway) the city of Adler to the Alpica Servis alpine resort, which construction and operation was bound up with negative environmental impact. Analysis of the environmental impact of technological processes during the construction and operation of tunnels was carried out data-driven of field study. Scientific and methodical bases of performance mining and environmental monitoring in the unique natural and geographical conditions of the Caucasian Reserve are developed. Nomenclature of monitored indicators, points and frequency of their measurement, as well as the requirements for instrumentation are defined. The measurement result of the pollution content in the air and soil during the construction and operation of traffic tunnels are presented. The objective laws of adverse impact on various components of the environment depending on the construction phase are established. 10.18720/MCE.79.15 traffic tunnels; environment; unique environmental and geographic conditions; detrimental impact; monitoring; pollutants https://engstroy.spbstu.ru/article/2018.79.15/ 15.pdf