75504 2712-8172 Magazine of Civil Engineering 6 90 2019 1-118
RAR RUS 3-14 56662851300 0000-0001-8407-8144 Ogarev Mordovia State University Erofeev Vladimir al_rodin@mail.ru 57191249816 0000-0002-8080-9808 Ogarev Mordovia State University Rodin Alexander al_rodin@mail.ru 57206900881 0000-0002-8892-4085 Ogarev Mordovia State University Yakunin Vladislav vladisjakunin@yandex.ru 0000-0003-0611-2241 Ogarev Mordovia State University Tuvin Maksim maxim.tuvin@yandex.ru Structure, composition and properties of geopolymers from mineral wool waste The waste generated during the mineral wool production makes up to 30 % of the finished product mass. These wastes can be used for producing building materials, in particular as raw materials for the production of geopolymers (alkali-activated binders). The research aim was to determine the influence of the chemical composition of mineral wool production wastes (MWPW) on the phase composition, structure, and physico-mechanical properties of geopolymers. Five types of MWPW with various chemical compositions and specific surfaces were hydrated in the presence of NaOH (from 2 to 4 wt. %). The experimental results were obtained using the methods of X ray differential (XRD), differential thermal (DTA) and thermogravimetric (DTG) analyses. Moreover, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and physical and mechanical tests were used. The main hydration product of MWPW in the NaOH presence is determined to be calcium hydrosilicates of the C–A–S–H fiber texture type. The largest amount of C–A–S–H was detected in geopolymer samples made of wastes with an acidity modulus between 1.4 and 1.6. The compressive strength of the obtained materials reaches 80 MPa. They are also characterized by high water resistance. The Al2O3 content in the waste should be about 10 % in order to obtain geopolymers with stable properties. The obtained results made it possible to define the correlation between the structure, composition, and physic-mechanical properties of geopolymers made of MWPW. The practical effect of the research results lies in the possibility of obtaining higher strength classes concrete. 10.18720/MCE.90.1 geopolymers slags mineral wool mechanical properties X ray diffraction analysis thermoanalysis microstructure https://engstroy.spbstu.ru/article/2019.90.1/ 01.pdf
RAR RUS 15-27 7004452338 0000-0001-8759-6318 National University of Water Environmental Engineering Dvorkin Leonid dvorkin.leonid@gmail.com
Rivne, Ukraine
 37085664400 National University of Water Environmental Engineering Zhitkovsky Vadim zhitk@ukr.net
Rivne, Ukraine
 Method of proportioning the cement-water ratio of steam-cured concrete The article presents the results of experimental studies that made it possible to substantiate the calculated dependences of the steam-cured concrete strength and the required values of the cement-water ratio (C/W) to ensure the specified strength values. For this purpose, dependences are obtained that are valid when using Portland cement and slag Portland cement, as well as a change in the wide range of regime parameters of heat treatment: temperature and duration of curing. To calculate the required values of C/W, a formula is justified, which allows determining the strength of cement under steaming when the temperature changes in the range of 60...95 С and the duration of isothermal heating during steaming from 4 to 18 hours. To calculate the strength of cement during steaming, the coefficients are recommended, which allow taking into account the content of aluminates and mineral additives in cement. Taking into account the calculated dependencies, an algorithm is proposed for calculating the C/W of steam-cured concrete and an example of its implementation. 10.18720/MCE.90.2 cement-water ratio strength temperature steam-curing hardening modes https://engstroy.spbstu.ru/article/2019.90.2/ 02.pdf
RAR RUS 28-36 55902853200 0000-0002-8134-5435 University of Hafr Al Batin Yusuf Moruf moruf@uhb.edu.sa
Saudi Arabia
 Microstructure and strength of iron-filing Portland cement paste and mortar This study investigated the role played by iron-filing in the strength and microstructural characteristic of high ordinary Portland cement (OPC) based paste and mortar at substitution levels that ranged from 0 to 15 wt.%. It was found that, iron-filing mainly comprised Fe2O3, reduced the workability, influence carbonation, early strength development and impacted the nature of the product formed especially if prepared within the w/c ratio of 0.25 and 0.35–0.4 for paste and mortar, respectively. Moreover, iron-filing also induced and enhanced belite hydration, and influenced the crack-bridging effect within the microstructural matrix, while substitution level less than 5 % affected not the early strength. Besides, iron-filing could also influence the formation of calcium ferrosilicate hydrate as revealed in the microstructural analysis or elemental analysis from energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometer. The 28-day strength of 114 MPa and 61 MPa were achievable in paste and mortar, respectively for iron-filing replacement level within 5–10 %, even substitution up to 15 % could perform better than the sample prepared with OPC only. The study promotes waste valorization and the use of iron-filing in mass-concrete production. 10.18720/MCE.90.3 iron-filing strength microstructure Fourier transform carbonation workability https://engstroy.spbstu.ru/article/2019.90.3/ 03.pdf
RAR RUS 37-46 57144608400 Plekhanov Russian University of Economics Mastalygina Elena elena.mastalygina@gmail.com
Moscow, Russia
 56055405900 Plekhanov Russian University of Economics Ovchinnikov Vasily fizhim@rambler.ru
Moscow, Russia
 6506988482 Vladimir State University Chukhlanov Vladimir kripton0@mail.ru
Vladimir, Russia
 Light heat-resistant polymer concretes based on oligooxyhydridesilmethylensiloxysilane and hollow spherical fillers Novel type of light heat-resistant polymer concretes was developed on the basis of oligooxyhydridesilmethylenesiloxysilan with hollow glass or ceramic microspheres. Adding hollow glass and ceramic microspheres being waste products from thermal power plants operating on solid fuels allowed developing reasonably priced materials and reducing potential environmental pollution. For optimization of production technology, the curing and molding conditions of materials were studied. According to impact strength changes, the optimal curing mode for the composites was at 480–515 K for 4.25–4.5 hours depending on the filler type and binder content. It was stated that used organic-silicon binder provided thermal resistance and high strength characteristics of the composite material. In comparison with traditional silicone resins, the compressive strength value of the developed materials increased by almost two times and the modulus of elasticity increased by almost an order of magnitude. Due to the interaction of aluminum hydroxide groups of ceramic microspheres with organosilicon polymer, Young’s modulus of the materials filled by ceramic microspheres was higher by 20–30 % than that of the concretes with glass microspheres. Consequently, enhanced physical and mechanical properties expand possibilities of using these materials under exposure of significant external static loads. 10.18720/MCE.90.4 polymer concrete reinforced concrete silicon-organic binder hollow spherical filler glass microspheres ceramic microspheres https://engstroy.spbstu.ru/article/2019.90.4/ 04.pdf
RAR RUS 47-61 0000-0001-7416-4428 Prince Sultan University Ibrahim Yasser yibrahim@vt.edu
Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
 0000-0002-6155-3122 Zagazig University Nabil Marwa marwa_nabil_amin@yahoo.com
Zagazig, Egypt
 Risk of surface blast load on pile foundations Recent terrorist attacked has raised the importance of studying the structural response under blast loads. Most of the past research has focused on the superstructure performance without considering the foundation behavior under blast loads. In this research, a pile foundation system was analyzed using detailed finite element analysis using ABAQUS under blast load to investigate the effectiveness of different mitigation techniques. The foundation system includes nine concrete piles encased in steel pipes with external diameters of 0.6 m. The piles have a length of 20 m in silty clay and stiff clay layers. The piles are connected using a reinforced concrete raft with dimensions of 10 m×10 m and a thickness of 1 m. The blast load considered resulted from a surface explosive charge of 457 kg of TNT at a standoff distance 2.5 m from raft and at a height of 0.56 m above ground surface. The raft was loaded by 200 kN/m2 to represent the load transferred from the structure. Barrier walls from different materials including aluminum, rubber, Thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) and Expanded Polystyrene (EPS) were considered to mitigate the blast load effect on the pile foundation. Also, an open trench before the raft was considered and compared to the used wall barriers. It was observed that the open trench and a wall barrier from Expanded Polystyrene showed the best mitigation to the blast effect compared to the original case and other wall barriers from different materials. A parametric study was conducted to optimize the selected EPS wall barrier in terms of thickness and depth. 10.18720/MCE.90.5 soil buildings blast load finite element pile foundation expanded polystyrene https://engstroy.spbstu.ru/article/2019.90.5/ 05.pdf
RAR RUS 62-71 6504446571 0000-0001-6981-7420 Jordan University of Science and Technology Al-Rousan Rajai rzalrousan@just.edu.jo
Irbid, Jordan
 Behavior of two-way slabs subjected to drop-weight Prediction of punching shear strength in RC two-way slabs with different fiber volume fractions, and freely drop weight heights (Impact load) is fundamental to propose structural design procedures for structures subjected to impact load. Moreover, the punching failure of two-way slabs subjected to impact can consider as a complex behavior in design. Thus, the punching shear capacity of reinforced concrete (RC) two-way slabs subjected to drop-weight impacts investigated in this paper by using Nonlinear Finite Element Analysis (NLFEA). Firstly, the simulated models were validated against fifteen RC slabs with Polypropylene Fiber (PF) volume (Vf) of 0, 0.3, 0.6, and 0.9 % and subjected to impact load at the height of 0, 1.2, and 2.4 m. Then, the simulated slabs were expanded to cover slabs not subjected to impact load (impact height (HI) of 0 m) and slabs with Vf of 0 % to 1.2 % and subjected to impact load at the height of 1 m to 11m, resulting in a total of 182 RC slabs. The behavior of each slab evaluated in terms of the crack patterns, ultimate punching shear capacity, and deflection profile. The results showed that adding the PF at a dosage of 0.1 to 1.2 % by volume of concrete leads to significant enhancement in the overall structural behavior of the slabs and their resistance to impact loading. Attractively, after impact height of 10 m (KE = 686.00 J), the simulated RC slabs with PF volume fraction less than 0.7 % are failed. While all the simulated RC slabs subjected to impact load at the height of 11 m (KE 754.26 J) failed. Finally, NLFEA was also performed to provide a prediction for impact factor based on PF volume fraction and the impact load height. 10.18720/MCE.90.6 engineering materials science technology civil engineering structural concrete https://engstroy.spbstu.ru/article/2019.90.6/ 06.pdf
RAR RUS 72-84 6602722133 0000-0001-6895-4511 V.G. Shukhov Belgorod State Technological University Strokova Valeria vvstrokova@gmail.com
Belgorod, Russia
 56237522700 0000-0002-5736-5962 V.G. Shukhov Belgorod State Technological University Nelubova Victoria nelubova@list.ru
Belgorod, Russia
 57197734002 0000-0002-3612-2320 V.G. Shukhov Belgorod State Technological University Rykunova Marina tumashova93@mail.ru
Belgorod, Russia
 Resistance of cement stone in sanitation solutions Biological corrosion is a type of effect that influences almost all possible construction projects. The primary measures for its prevention include sanitary and preventive work carried out using various chemicals. The shortcoming of buildings chemical treatment is the degradation effect on building composites with a significant reduction in the life of structures. The subject of the study was presented by the aggressive effect degree of sanitation treatment on various compositions of cement stone assessment. During the research Portland cement and aluminous cement, samples were exposed in two mediums – reagent solution (experimental medium) and tap water (control medium). The degree of medium influence on the cement stone samples was estimated according to the data on the main physic and chemical parameters of the process and phase-structural transformations of the stone after aging in an aggressive environment. There was an increase in the strength of samples after 6 months of exposure both for Portland cement stone and aluminous cement stone compared to the samples aged in pure water and original samples without exposure that showed the absence of the degradation effect of decontamination solution on the cement stone. The increase in the strength of materials occurred due to the intensification of carbonization processes in the sanitation agent medium resulting in the mud injection of pores and voids due to the crystallization of insoluble calcium carbonates. It was confirmed by the compaction of the micro-structure of cement stone expressed by the increase in the mass of samples and the total concentration of carbonate compounds in the volume of the material after 6 months of exposure. 10.18720/MCE.90.7 concrete construction cements corrosion biodegradation chemical attack acid resistance https://engstroy.spbstu.ru/article/2019.90.7/ 07.pdf
RAR RUS 85-92 AAV-2280-2020 48361113100 0000-0001-9004-7889 Riga Technical University Borodinecs Anatolijs anatolijs.borodinecs@rtu.lv
Riga, Latvia
 0000-0002-3641-7540 Riga Technical University Prozuments Aleksejs aleksejs.prozuments@rtu.lv
Riga, Latvia
 0000-0002-3583-5978 Riga Technical University Zajacs Aleksandrs aleksandrs.zajacs@rtu.lv
Riga, Latvia
 0000-0002-7812-3540 Riga Technical University Zemitis Jurgis jurgis.zemitis@rtu.lv
1 Kalku Street, Riga LV-1658, Latvia
 Retrofitting of fire stations in cold climate regions Most of the urban housing stock in European cities consists of multi apartment buildings. Improvement of energy efficiency of the existing building stock is the key priority across the world. As such, unclassified buildings including fire stations present a significant potential for application of innovative energy efficient measures. Despite the fact that fire stations account for a rather insignificant share on the scale of the total building stock, it is vitally important to ensure optimal thermal comfort as well as reduce energy consumption in those buildings. This in turn contributes in minimizing maintenance and running costs for municipalities. This paper analyses typology of Latvian fire stations and their energy consumption. Standardized IFC model was developed to evaluate effect of implementation of energy efficiency measures in a selected fire station. The study results showed that the proposed theoretical thermal energy consumption of developed standardised model correlates with the measured data. The measured average annual energy consumption including electricity for fire stations was 317 kWh/m2 and thermal energy for space heating – 135.4 kWh/m2. Based on theoretical model, different retrofitting scenarios were evaluated using IDA–ICE dynamic energy simulation software. The results of this study can be expanded and applied to other types of unclassified buildings (in countries with cold climate) such as police departments and prisons. 10.18720/MCE.90.8 buildings energy efficiency energy retrofit https://engstroy.spbstu.ru/article/2019.90.8/ 08.pdf
RAR RUS 93-103 55848149600 0000-0001-6723-175X L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University Utepov Yelbek utepov-elbek@mail.ru
Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
 0000-0002-9941-1947 University North Aniskin Aleksej aaniskin@unin.hr
Koprivnica, Croatia
 0000-0003-1054-3386 CSI Research & Lab Ibrashov Azamat a.ibrashov@csi.kz
Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
 55356989600 0000-0001-8553-3081 L.N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University Tulebekova Assel krasavka5@mail.ru
Nur-Sultan, Kazakhstan
 Maturity sensors placement based on the temperature transitional boundaries The way in which the maturity sensors are placed determines their number required for a particular monolithic building skeleton. Previous studies scarcely address this aspect, providing only logical assumptions. Therefore, this study proposes an alternative placement strategy for maturity sensors based on transitional boundaries of concrete curing temperature distribution. The transitional boundaries may be determined using the heat map representation of temperature distribution, where the unknown values are computed by the Inverse Distance Weighting method. Based on the experimentally poured concrete slab and randomly embedded maturity sensors revealed that the transitional boundaries form elliptical shapes. The temperature distributions along the largest diameter of ellipses were plot on a single graph, which created regular and reverse parabolas. As a result, the distance between the closest opposite intersections of the parabolas is assumed as the maximum acceptable step to set the maturity sensors. The proposed placement strategy may be applicable for the sensors that measure various continuous phenomena, for example the relative humidity. 10.18720/MCE.90.9 reinforced concrete hydration temperature sensors positioning interpolation heat map https://engstroy.spbstu.ru/article/2019.90.9/
RAR RUS 104-118 Semnan University Sharbatdar Mohammad msharbatdar@semnan.ac.ir
Semnan, Iran
 Semnan University Ehsani Ramin raminehsani1350@gmail.com
Semnan, Iran
 0000-0001-7802-2013 Semnan University Kheyroddin Ali kheyroddin@semnan.ac.ir
Semnan, Iran
 Ductility and moment redistribution capacity of two-span RC beams The particular weaknesses of concrete buildings are brittle fracture and lack of material ductility, so using steel reinforcements and discrete fibers are an attempt to overcome this weakness. Strain hardening behavior under tensile force has made new material, High Performance Fiber Reinforced Cement Composite “HPFRCC” as a high performance material with high energy absorption capability and high cracking ability before failure. Therefore the structural application of this composite material in the structural members such as continuous beams to control cracks width and formation of multiple cracks, improve ductility, moment redistribution capacity have been investigated. In this paper, the effect of using HPFRCC containing 2 % steel fibers on the flexural performance of four large two-span reinforced concrete beams with similar dimensions and similar longitudinal reinforcement ratios has experimentally been investigated. Two beams were ordinary concrete with two different arrangements of stirrups in the middle support (hogging) and mid span (sagging) area and two other beams were companion but made with full HPFRCC composites. The specimens have rectangular cross section of 250 mm (height)×200 mm (width) and are continuous over two spans of 1800 mm each and two concentrated equal statically monotonic loads (from zero to the failure) are applied at the mid-span of each beam. The experimental results showed that using HPFRCC layers in section beams and reducing the spacing of the stirrups, increased the ultimate load, ductility ratio, plastic hinge characteristics and moment redistribution capacity of these beams compare to reference beam. The greatest load carrying capacity values 42 % were observed in FHPS compared to RCN beam. Maximum moment redistribution values of around 23.31 % was observed in FHPS beam and maximum displacement ductility ratio 1.8 was observed in FHPS beam compare to reference beam. In HPFRCC beam, the sufficient shear strength is provided in beam without local shear cracks. This allows the formation of plastic hinge in beams and plastic hinge zone. 10.18720/MCE.90.10 high performance fiber reinforced cement composites two span concrete beam ductility moment redistribution steel fibers https://engstroy.spbstu.ru/article/2019.90.10/ 10.pdf
RAR RUS 119-129 University of Zanjan Firoozfar Alireza firoozfar@znu.ac.ir
Zanjan, Iran
 University of Zanjan Dousti Majid dousti.mj@gmail.com
Zanjan, Iran
 Kerman collapsible clay amendment by lime, bentonite, and nano silica This paper presents an experimental study to understand the effects of selected additives on Kerman collapsible soil behavior which is dominated with such clay and is semi-arid province in the south-east of Iran. Collapsible soils, known as problematic soils, are materials with a relatively high porosity and demonstrate a potential for sudden and large decrease in their volume under water content changes with or without change in the applied stress level. In this study, soil samples are obtained from a project site in Kerman city and the collapse potential tests were performed on the prepared samples in accordance with ASTM as double oedometer consolidation test. Initially, the undisturbed level of collapsibility. Next, samples are treated with three kinds of additives namely: lime and bentonite in the 3, 5 and 8 percent and nano silica in 0.4, 0.7 and 1 percent of dry soil weight. For each percentage of additive, one sample was created and the results demonstrated that 5 % of Lime, 3 % of Bentonite and 1 % of nano silica are the optimum percentage of additives for decreasing the collapsibility. The collapsibility of Kerman clay is reduced significantly after treating with lime and nano silica in comparison to bentonite. 10.18720/MCE.90.11 collapsible soil lime nano silica bentonite treatment https://engstroy.spbstu.ru/article/2019.90.11/ 11.pdf