75504 2712-8172 Magazine of Civil Engineering 7 91 2019 1-144
RAR RUS 3-15 57191530761 0000-0002-4765-5819 Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (National Research University) Alekseytsev Anatoly aalexw@mail.ru
Moscow, Russia
 55359846700 0000-0002-7292-0821 Riga Technical University Gaile Liga liga.gaile_1@rtu.lv
Riga, Latvia
 Riga Technical University Drukis Peteris peteris.drukis@gmail.com
Riga, Latvia
 Optimization of steel beam structures for frame buildings subject to their safety requirements A method for finding design solutions for discrete sets of design parameters, including a single two-cycle iterative process, has been developed. The evolutionary procedure is a first cycle. Within the framework of this process, a second recurrent cycle is used to calculate the structure in a static nonlinear arrangement. The coefficients are used for correction of the object loading as part of its static analysis to take into account the dynamic effect. Risk assessment for the structure variant also takes part within the framework of the evolutionary procedure. The proposed algorithm has been developed for the structures of buildings of a higher criticality rating, which will allow to increase the mechanical safety of construction objects with the simultaneous rational saving of material costs. As an example of design, a transformed beam structure, equipped with an adaptation system for beyond design effects, is considered. It is shown that during the synthesis of structures of increased durability, the use of adaptation systems in the form of safety elements has an advantage compared to an ordinary increase of the cross section. 10.18720/MCE.91.1 building structures construction safety column collapse risk ceiling optimization buildings durability steel beams local damages emergency actions transformable structures evolutionary modelling https://engstroy.spbstu.ru/article/2019.91.1/
RAR RUS 16-26 55902853200 0000-0002-8134-5435 University of Hafr Al Batin Yusuf Moruf moruf@uhb.edu.sa
Saudi Arabia
 Synergistic-effect of iron-filing and silica-fume on the absorption and shrinkage of cement paste This study investigated workability, water absorption, and drying shrinkage performances of the synergy of iron filing (IF) with silica fume (SF) in the ordinary Portland (OPC) cement paste. IF varied from 0 to 15wt. % while SF was kept constant at 10wt % of the binder. The finding revealed that at low water/binder (w/b) ratio of 0.25, the synergistic effects of the combination of IF and SF reduced the workability and shrinkage of the paste exponentially but increased water absorption. Besides, an increase in absorption was due to non-absorbent nature of IF and proliferation of interfacial transition zones (ITZ) within the matrix while addition of SF caused the increase in pore tortuosity through secondary pozzolanic reaction accompanied by its micro-filling effects. Moreover, bond characterization showed that drying shrinkage reduction was due to IF retention of evaporable water within the matrix, and the removal of hydroxyl precipitated together with an improved polymerized units of silicate. Scanning electron micrograph indicated the improvement in the microstructural density due to the formation of CASH or CSH and restriction of internal strain deformation due to the formation of Fe-infused product (CAFSH). The least shrinkage value was observed at the IF substitution level of 15% with the SF of 10%. Therefore, synergistic effects of SF and IF could enhance production of more durable concrete more especially in the hot weather climate. 10.18720/MCE.91.2 iron-filing silica fume water absorption shrinkage workability paste https://engstroy.spbstu.ru/article/2019.91.2/
RAR RUS 27-38 57190074335 https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3833-3495 Jordan University of Science and Technology Al Rjoub Yousef ysalrjoub@just.edu.jo
Irbid, Jordan
 Jordan University of Science and Technology Tamimi Mohammad mft.tamimi3@hotmail.com
Irbid, Jordan
 Heat transfer and thermal shock of recycled glass concrete In this paper, an experimental study is carried out to investigate the effect of thermal shock on the mechanical properties of recycled glass concrete exposed to temperatures between 150 °C to 600 °C due to rapid cooling regimes, namely, natural cooling, spraying water, using CO2 fire extinguishers, and immersion in water. The amount of waste glass replacement of fine aggregate resulting in optimal compressive strength is studied and then used in all specimens. The heat transfer in recycled glass concrete exposed to 600 °C for one hour using an electric furnace is studied, with the results validated via a finite element model. It is found that recycled glass can enhance the residual strength and reduce the severity of cracks in concrete subjected to thermal shock caused by rapid cooling from temperatures up to 600 °C to room temperature. Using recycled glass in concrete decreases temperature rise with time when exposed to elevated temperatures. The results obtained show that replacing 25 % of fine aggregate with recycled glass gives the maximum value of compressive strength. Compared with natural cooling, thermal shock generated by fast cooling regimes causes more severe damage to concrete, in terms of greater losses in compressive and tensile splitting strength and crack severity. Among the eight cooling regimes used in this study, natural cooling in air maintained a relatively higher value of residual compressive strength, while the highest reduction in strength was observed when using CO2 fire extinguishers. Tensile splitting strength shows the same trend. 10.18720/MCE.91.3 thermal shock recycled glass concrete heat transfer residual strength cracks https://engstroy.spbstu.ru/article/2019.91.3/
RAR RUS 39-48 Tashkent Institute of Irrigation and Agricultural Mechanization Engineers Khodzhaev Dadakhan khodzhaevda@mail.ru 6506522453 0000-0001-8114-1187 Tashkent Financial Institute Abdikarimov Rustamkhan rabdikarimov@mail.ru
60A, A.Temur street, Tashkent city, 100000
 S-1676-2017 6507460407 0000-0002-8907-7869 Tashkent Institute of Irrigation and Agricultural Mechanization Engineers Mirsaidov Mirziyod theormir@mail.ru
39, Kori Niyoziy St., Tashkent, Uzbekistan, 100000
 Dynamics of a physically nonlinear viscoelastic cylindrical shell with a concentrated mass It is known that the theory of linear and nonlinear elastic plates and shells is the most developed part of the theory of elasticity. In this area, the necessary equations are obtained and the methods to solve them are developed. At the same time, there are gaps in considering the viscoelastic properties of a material in the problems of thin-walled structures dynamic calculations. It should be noted that in some publications the viscoelastic properties of the material (i.e. the deviation of material test diagram from Hooke's law) were taken into account according to the Voigt model, not confirmed by experiments. Ignoring viscoelastic properties of the material significantly limits practical applicability of results. The first part of the paper presents the statement and method of solution to the problem of axisymmetric vibrations of a physically nonlinear viscoelastic cylindrical shell with concentrated masses. The function characterizing the deviation of stress intensity curve from the Hooke straight line is taken in the form of cubic nonlinearity. A mathematical model, solution method and computational algorithm were developed for the problem of axisymmetric oscillations of a cylindrical shell with a concentrated mass, taking into account physically nonlinear strain of the material under different boundary conditions in the frame of the Kirchhoff-Love hypothesis. For the study of the effect of a concentrated mass the Dirac delta function was introduced. With the Bubnov-Galerkin method, based on a polynomial approximation of deflections, the problem in question is reduced to the solution, in the general case, of non-decay systems of nonlinear integro-differential equations of Volterra type. To solve the resulting system with the Koltunov-Rzhanitsyn weakly singular kernel, a numerical method was applied based on the use of quadrature formulas. A unified computational algorithm has been developed to determine the deflection of a viscoelastic cylindrical shell with concentrated masses. 10.18720/MCE.91.4 thin-walled structures cylindrical shell viscoelasticity physical nonlinearity concentrated mass axisymmetric oscillations nonlinear integro-differential equation relaxation kernel Bubnov-Galerkin method numerical method https://engstroy.spbstu.ru/article/2019.91.4/
RAR RUS 49-59 6504446571 0000-0001-6981-7420 Jordan University of Science and Technology Al-Rousan Rajai rzalrousan@just.edu.jo
Irbid, Jordan
 The impact of cable spacing on the behavior of cable-stayed bridges This paper aims to find the optimum cable spacing in terms of vertical deformation and cable stress for static and dynamic analysis. To achieve the objective of this study six models are developed using ABAQUS with six different cable spacing ((8.04 m, 30 cables), (9.42, 25), (11.11, 22), (13.72, 18), (15.56, 16), and (16.67, 15)). Firstly, a non linear static finite-element analysis is performed on the models; then pre-tensioning forces are applied to cables, after that the shape modes for each model are presented. Secondly, a nonlinear dynamic analysis is performed on the models; the results obtained from the finite-element analysis are used in the optimization. The results show that the maximum vertical deflection decreased and the cable stress increased with the increasing of cable spacing for both static and dynamic analysis. As a result, the unsupported length increased with the cable spacing increasing; this will lead to larger deflection and greater stresses in the cables. Finally, the optimum cable spacing is 11.2 m based on static and dynamic deflection and cable stress. 10.18720/MCE.91.5 engineering cable-stayed bridge technology civil engineering structural concrete deck https://engstroy.spbstu.ru/article/2019.91.5/
RAR RUS 60-72 6506111906 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5613-3203 Federal Research Center "Krasnoyarsk Science Center of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences" Sharonova Olga sharon05@yandex.ru
Krasnoyarsk, Russia
 https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1407-1144 Federal Research Center "Krasnoyarsk Science Center of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences" Yumashev Vladimir yumashev_vlad@mail.ru
Krasnoyarsk, Russia
 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3905-3252 Federal Research Center "Krasnoyarsk Science Center of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences" Solovyov Leonid leosol@icct.ru
Krasnoyarsk, Russia
 7004484105 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5259-0319 Federal Research Center "Krasnoyarsk Science Center of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences" Anshits Alexander anshits@icct.ru
Krasnoyarsk, Russia
 The fine high-calcium fly ash as the basis of composite cementing material The high-calcium fly ashes (HCFA) of Krasnoyarsk TPP-2, Russia were studied. The HCFA were selected from each of the 4 fields of the electrostatic precipitator. It was determined that the size distribution, chemical and quantitative phase composition vary significantly from 1st to 4th EF field. The fine high-calcium fly ash (d90 < 10 microns) selected from the fourth field of electrostatic precipitator was the source for high strength specimens. In the composition with a superplasticizer at a water:binder ratio of W/B = 0.25 the specimens were made and then cured from 1 to 120 days, with their compressive strength increasing from 17 to 72 MPa. The strength of these specimens is comparable to the strength of specimens based on Portland cement PC 42.5 N without superplasticizer. The methods of simultaneous thermal analysis (STA) and quantitative X-ray phase analysis (XRD) were used to study phase transformations of high-calcium fly ash in the process of hydration curing. The major newly formed phases are ettringite 3CaO•Al2O3•3CaSO4•32H2O, as well as calcium carboaluminate hydrates Ca4Al2(OH)13(CO3)0.5•4H2O and Ca4Al2(OH)12CO3•5H2O with low crystallinity. The new phases can form a wide range of solid solutions by replacing Al 3+ with Fe 3+. The more the curing age was, the more transformations of calcium silicate amorphous substance contribute to form cryptocrystalline calcium hydrosilicates that increased the initial and long-term strength of the material. The phase transformations and strength indicators allow to use fine high-calcium fly ash of coal-fired power plants as an independent cementing material in modern technologies for producing building materials, in particular, in the technology of self-compacting composite concrete (SCC). The proposed alternative to cement contributes to the solution of a complex environmental problem: (1) in the heat power engineering the accumulation of fine ash particles can be lowered with consequent reduction of the pollution of water, soil and atmosphere with thin dust particles, and (2) in the construction materials industry a part of the cement can be replaced by the fine HCFA, that will save energy and natural resources. 10.18720/MCE.91.6 high-calcium fly ash cementitious materials superplasticizer hydration compressive strength calcium compounds X-ray diffraction https://engstroy.spbstu.ru/article/2019.91.6/
RAR RUS 73-79 6701635056 0000-0002-4393-6728 University of Wolverhampton Khatib Jamal j.m.khatib@wlv.ac.uk
Wolverhampton, United Kingdom
 57200793249 0000-0003-4851-1822 Beirut Arab University Jahami Ali ahjahamy@hotmail.com
Beirut, Lebanon
 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1487-8469 Beirut Arab University Elkordi Adel a.elkordi@bau.edu.lb
Beirut, Lebanon
 0000-0002-4854-0247 Beirut Arab University Baalbaki Ossama obaalbaki@bau.edu.lb
Beirut, Lebanon
 Structural performance of reinforced concrete beams containing plastic waste caps Municipal solid waste contains large amounts of plastic and their utilization has environmental benefits including the reduction of raw materials used and landfill spaces. One of the possible uses of waste plastic is in construction applications such as partial replacement of coarse aggregate in concrete materials. In this paper, the structural capacity of reinforced concrete beams containing waste plastic was investigated. The waste plastic was the cap of a plastic bottle. Four concrete mixes were prepared. The coarse aggregate was replaced with 0, 10 %, 15 %, and 20 % (by volume) waste plastic. All mixes had constant mix proportions and water to cement ratio. All beams were cured for 28 days at 20 °C. The structural performance was assessed by examining the central deflection of the beam at different load increments until failure. In addition, the mode of failure was examined visually. The results indicated that it is possible to use a certain amount of waste plastic in structural applications without affecting the flexural characteristics of reinforced concrete beams. 10.18720/MCE.91.7 load defection reinforced concrete beam plastic waste strain distribution ductility https://engstroy.spbstu.ru/article/2019.91.7/
RAR RUS 80-97 57194112309 0000-0001-6184-2365 Vyatka State University Tyukalov Yury yutvgu@mail.ru Equilibrium finite elements for plane problems of the elasticity theory The work is devoted to the finite elements construction, based on the stresses approximation, for solving plane problems of the elasticity theory. Such elements are alternative to existing finite elements obtained using displacements approximation. Alternative solutions allow more accurate assessment of the structure stress-strain state. The proposed method for constructing finite elements is based on the principles of minimum additional energy and possible displacements. Various stress approximation variants are considered. All approximations variants satisfy the differential equilibrium equations for the case of no distributed load. A comparison is made of the solutions which are obtained by the proposed method with analytical solutions for the ring and the bent beam. The considered stress approximation variants show for test problems good accuracy and convergence, when we grind finite elements grid. It is shown that the best accuracy in calculating stresses and displacements is provided by the finite element with piecewise constant approximations of stresses. In addition, such finite element ensures the displacements convergence to exact values from above. Other finite element variants may be convenient for calculating branched and combined structures. The proposed equilibrium finite elements can be used to more accurately determine the stresses in the calculated structures. The proposed technique can be used to build volumetric finite elements. 10.18720/MCE.91.8 stress approximations additional energy finite element method plane problem https://engstroy.spbstu.ru/article/2019.91.8/
RAR RUS 98-111 57201032954 0000-0002-0345-5946 University of Nyala Siddig Elfadil elfadiladmali@ymail.com
Nyala, Sudan
 55434335600 Northeast Forestry University Cheng Peifeng chengpeifeng@126.com Northeast Forestry University Li Yiming meng.huxiyou@163.com
Harbin, China
 Effects of polymer modified nanoclay on the performance of asphalt mixture Recently, polymer-modified nanomaterial has received extensive attention as a key solution for improving the performance of asphalt binders. This study investigates the effect of polymer modified nanoclay (PMN) that made of ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer and nanoclay mixtures on the high-temperature performance of the asphalt binder and mixture. Moreover, the modified binder samples are prepared with PMN by using melt processing technique at concentrations of 1 %, 3 %, 5 % and 7 % with the weight of asphalt. Furthermore, the effect of the modifier on the binder properties is assessed using conventional tests like penetration and softening point, viscosity measurements, multiple stress creep recovery, and dynamic shear rheometry. Additionally, wheel tracking and moisture sensitivity tests are applied to investigate the high-temperature performance of the hot mix asphalt (HMA) mixture. The experimental results show that the rheological and physical properties are improved when PMN is used. The addition of PMN to HMA mixtures significantly improves the resistant to the rutting and moisture induced damages. Therefore, this study provides substantial technical support for improving the high-temperature performance of asphalt pavement in hot regions to reduce rutting concerns. 10.18720/MCE.91.9 asphalt binder asphalt mixtures rheological properties rutting parameters nanoclay https://engstroy.spbstu.ru/article/2019.91.9/
RAR RUS 112-120 0000-0002-2716-2144 East Siberia state university of technology and management Urkhanova Larisa urkhanova@mail.ru
Ulan-Ude, Russia
 0000-0002-1399-2833 East Siberia state university of technology and management Lkhasaranov Solbon solbon230187@mail.ru
Ulan-Ude, Russia
 0000-0001-7077-8836 East Siberia state university of technology and management Buyantuev Sergey buyantuevsl@mail.ru
Ulan-Ude, Russia
 57199850188 0000-0002-2279-1240 Far Eastern Federal University Fediuk Roman roman44@yandex.ru
8. Suhanova St. Vladivostok, st. Octyabrskaya. 690950. Russia
 https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9399-7054 Far Eastern Federal University Taskin Andrei taskin@yandex.ru
Vladivostok, Russia
 Reducing alkaline corrosion of basalt fiber in concrete The article presents the results of studies on the development of fiber-reinforced concrete using composite binders and basalt fibers obtained in an experimental plasma reactor. To reduce the negative impact of Portland cement on the mineral fiber, composite binders based on Portland cement and fly ash were used in the study. To reduce the normal density in the composition of the binder, a polycarboxylate type superplasticizer was used in the work. The microstructure of cement stone was studied using SEM and IR-spectroscopy. The compressive strength was tested on cubes with an edge of 100 mm according to EN 12390-6, flexural strength – on prisms with a size of 100×100×500 mm according to EN 12390-3. The optimum content of fly ash (30 %) in the composite binder is evaluated, which allows to obtain high mechanical properties. It was revealed that the combined use of composite binder and fiber leads to an increase in compressive and flexural strength of fiber concrete. With the addition of fly ash, both hardening of the structure of the cement stone and a decrease in the alkaline effect of the basalt fiber binding on the surface are observed. Infrared spectroscopy of cement systems showed a change in the phase composition and a decrease in the basicity of the resulting calcium hydrosilicates upon addition of fly ash into the composition binder. 10.18720/MCE.91.10 fiber reinforced materials fiber-reinforced concrete cements cement-based composites binders concretes mechanoactivation https://engstroy.spbstu.ru/article/2019.91.10/
RAR RUS 121-128 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9309-731X Yancheng Institute of Technology Liu Zhao-Qiu zhaoqiuliu@sina.com
Yancheng City, China
 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5333-6304 Guizhou Minzu University Zhang Ji jizhang@163.com
Guizhou, China
 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6210-4564 Chongqing University Li Feng 773859023@qq.com
Chongqing, China
 https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8213-1714 Yancheng Institute of Technology Jin Hao-Peng 2812706964@qq.com
Yancheng City, China
 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1088-1038 Yancheng Institute of Technology Zong Zhen-Yu 1642833684@qq.com
Yancheng City, China
 An improved membrane element for high-rise building with shear walls Although a high computational accuracy can be obtained when a membrane element with rotational degrees of freedom is used for the numerical analysis of wall-beam connection of high-rise building, this method often leads to some weak analysis results because of the vague relation between rotational degrees of freedom and displacement field compared with beam or slab element. In this paper, a constraint relation was established between the rotational displacement field with independent interpolation and the rotational angle of rigid body through adopting a penalty function method, and then an improved membrane element with rotational degrees of freedom was constructed based on the work of ALLMAN. The improved membrane element was added in the standard analysis module of ANSYS through using a second development interface named UPFs (User Programming Features). Also, a curved wall was adopted as the example to test the performance of improved membrane element. The preliminary results show the improved membrane element can pass most of patch tests with no extra zero energy mode. To further verify the performance of improved membrane element used for the analysis of wall-beam connection, a high-rise building with coupled shear walls was also adopted to compare the numerical analysis results produced by four different simulation elements. The results show the improved membrane element is a reliable and superior type with some advantages including simple data preparation, convenient programming and insensitive penalty parameter. 10.18720/MCE.91.11 finite element method structural design numerical models wall-beam connection computational accuracy high-rise building https://engstroy.spbstu.ru/article/2019.91.11/
RAR RUS 129-144 6602647191 GORPROJECT Travush Vladimir travush@mail.ru
3rd Floor, 5, Bldg. 5A Nizhnyi Susal'nyi lane, 105064, Moscow, Russia
 7007009812 Orel State University named after I.S. Turgenev Gordon Vladimir gordon@ostu.ru
Orel, Russia
 Southwest State University Kolchunov Vitaly asiorel@mail.ru Leontiev Evgeniy johnleon010@gmail.com 57207861319 Main State Expertise of Russia Leontiev Evgeny e.leontyev@gge.ru
Moscow, Russia
 Dynamic deformation of a beam at sudden structural transformation of foundation The article presents a methodic for analytical determining forces, displacements, modes and frequencies of natural flexural vibrations of a beam on elastic foundation. The beam consists of two sections: the first one supports on Winkler elastic foundation, and next one is free. Equations for flexural natural and forced vibrations were written in dimensionless variables and parameters and solved using the initial parameters method and Krylov functions. At the same time second and higher frequencies of natural vibrations of the beam were determined assuming unknown frequency is higher than “conventional” frequency which characterizes generalized stiffness of a system “beam–foundation”. Using numerical analysis, authors showed dependencies between the first three dimensionless frequencies of natural vibrations of the beam and a generalized stiffness of the system “beam–foundation” when foundation suddenly partially failure under the beam. Investigation established that effect of a sudden structural transformation leads to five-time moment increasing in the system “beam–foundation” at sudden foundation failure under the second half of the beam. 10.18720/MCE.91.12 beam foundation natural vibrations forced vibrations mode frequency accidental impact structural transformation https://engstroy.spbstu.ru/article/2019.91.12/