Magazine of Civil Engineering

RAR RUS 3-18 55353704000 https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5972-6517 Department of Civil Engineering, Shahr-e-Qods Branch, Islamic Azad University Ebadi Parviz parviz.ebadi@gmail.com

Tehran, Iran

Department of Civil Engineering, Shahr-e-Qods Branch, Islamic Azad University Farajloomanesh Saeid s.farajloomanesh@gmail.com

Tehran, Iran

Seismic design philosophy of special steel plate shear walls Steel plate shear walls are usually designed by devoting total story shear to plates and designing peripheral frames for total transferred forces from the plates to the peripheral frames. Therefore, the participation of frames in the story shear neglected conservatively. In this research, a design methodology is presented based on the real sharing of steel walls and peripheral frames in story shear. Steel walls are designed using Plate-Frame Interaction (PFI) theory for different percentages of story shear and their seismic parameters compared together by numerical modeling in nonlinear analysis software. The obtained results indicated that using the conventional design methods, devoting total story shear to the steel walls and neglecting the shear capacity of the peripheral frame could lead to the over-designed (conservative) sections. In contrast, if the seismic design of this system was performed considering the sum of the capacity of steel plate and peripheral frame and their real sharing in story shear, the system design would be efficient and economical. 10.18720/MCE.95.1 seismic steel plate shear wall capacity design optimization ductility https://engstroy.spbstu.ru/article/2020.95.1/

UNK RUS 19-30 56826013600 Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University Gravit Marina marina.gravit@mail.ru

29 Politechnicheskaya St., St. Petersburg, 195251, Russia

6508223358 Riga Technical University Serdjuks Dmitrijs Dmitrijs.Serdjuks@rtu.lv

1 Kalku Street, Riga LV-1658, Latvia

M-6585-2013 6508103761 0000-0002-1196-8004 Peter the Great Saint Petersburg Polytechnic University Vatin Nikolai vatin@mail.ru

Polytechnicheskay, 29

56300865000 0000-0002-5616-1191 Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University Lazarev Yuri Lazarev-yurij@yandex.ru

Russia, 195251, St.Petersburg, Polytechnicheskaya, 29 B

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3058-6287 Paints Cities LLC Yuminova Maria maria.yuminova@mail.ru

St. Petersburg, Russia

Single burning item test for timber with fire protection Fire protection of timber structures and finishing structural materials is actual due to the high combustibility of these materials. The technical characteristics for protected timber structures in case of fire, determined by the single burning item test (SBI), are considered in the paper. Nine thin-layered lacquers and paints fire protections, which were differed by the type of fire resistance and chemical contents, were analyzed. The timber specimens treated by such fire protections as the paints, impregnations, lacquers and water glass were tested by SBI method. It was shown, that the lacquer on the base of the acryl resin has a significant influence on the fire growth rate indices FIGRA and smoke growth rate SMOGRA on the initial stage of combustion (FIGRA – 2948.78 W/s, SMOGRA – 101.28 m2/s2). Traditional fire protection by the water glass shows the high fire growth rate indices FIGRA (268.63 W/s) and total smoke production TSP600s (163.13 m2). The low levels of the both values did not confirm a classic consideration of the water glass as effective fire protection of timber members. Type of timber base and assembling method (with or without air gap) has a significant influence on the effectiveness of fire protection. Analogous results obtained for the intumescent paint and two types of lacquers. The modern water impregnations that contains phosphoric acids characterized by the low expenditure (mean value 250 g/m2) and low values of smoke growth rate and total smoke production in 3MJ and 33 m2, correspondingly. These impregnations provides a class Bs1d0 of fire protection by the European classification. 10.18720/MCE.95.2 building products timber constructions fire protection for wood fire retardants single burning item test combustible flammability smoke production SBI https://engstroy.spbstu.ru/article/2020.95.2/

UNK RUS 31-41 56594414800 https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2534-0987 University of Miskolc Kiss Laszlo Peter mechkiss@uni-miskolc.hu

Miskolc, Hungary

Stability of fixed-fixed shallow arches under arbitrary radial and vertical forces In the present paper the planar stability of fixed-fixed shallow circular arches is investigated. The arches are made of linearly elastic, functionally graded material and are subject to a concentrated radial or vertical dead force at an arbitrary position. To describe the behaviour, the one-dimensional Euler-Bernoulli kinematic hypothesis is used. The effect of the bending moment on the membrane strain is incorporated into the model. The related coupled differential equations of the problem are derived from the principle of virtual work. Exact solutions are found both for the pre- and post-bucking displacements. Closed-form analytical solution is given for the buckling load when the load is radial while for vertical force, the solution is numerical. It is found that for fixed-fixed members, only limit point buckling is possible. Such shallow arches are not sensitive to small imperfections in the load position or in the load direction. It turns out that the material behaviour and geometry have significant effects on the behaviour and buckling load. If the load is placed far enough from the crown point, the load bearing abilities become better than for crown-load. Comparisons with an analytical literature model and commercial finite element software confirm the validity of the new findings. 10.18720/MCE.95.3 buckling stiffness strength design composite materials https://engstroy.spbstu.ru/article/2020.95.3/

RAR RUS 42-48 6602647191 GORPROJECT Travush Vladimir travush@mail.ru

3rd Floor, 5, Bldg. 5A Nizhnyi Susal'nyi lane, 105064, Moscow, Russia

57201536233 Russian Academy of Architecture and Building Sciences Karpenko Nikolaj karpenko@raasn.ru

Moscow, Russia

56662851300 0000-0001-8407-8144 Ogarev Mordovia State University Erofeev Vladimir al_rodin@mail.ru M-6585-2013 6508103761 0000-0002-1196-8004 Peter the Great Saint Petersburg Polytechnic University Vatin Nikolai vatin@mail.ru

Polytechnicheskay, 29

57191250834 Ogarev Mordovia State University Erofeeva Irina ira.erofeeva.90@mail.ru

Saransk, Russia

57192644514 https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7075-1684 Penza State University of Architecture and Construction Maksimova Irina maksimovain@mail.ru

Penza, Russia

6602657635 https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6407-4381 Russian University of Transport Kondrashchenko Valerij kondrashchenko@mail.ru

Moscow, Russia

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5498-404X LLC "Laboratory of integrated technology" Kesarijskij Aleksandr algeo57k@gmail.com

Pavlograd, Ukraine

Destruction of powder-activated concrete with fixation of destruction by a laser interferometer The article is devoted to the identification of the patterns of deformation and destruction of powder-activated concrete under the action of power loads. As research concrete, powder-activated concrete of a new generation was considered in comparison with materials of the old and transitional generations. To carry out such studies, laser holographic interferometry methods were used, the physical essence of which consists in recording wave fields synchronously with the application of the load reflected by the surface under study at various points in time and then comparing these wave fields with each other. Using the complete equilibrium deformation diagrams and 3D graphs, we determined the parameters of the diagram (cyclicity, ultimate tensile strength), and the parameters of surface deformation (photographs with waves of strains and cracks). Using laser interferometry methods, it was found that the introduction of microquartz, especially in combination with amorphous active silica fume, significantly delays the onset of microcrack formation in cement samples, which exhibit a uniform deformation field up to a stress level of 0.90–0.95 from destructive. A sample based on a cement-sand mortar without finely dispersed fillers distinguishes a lower level of crack formation, corresponding to a stress level of 0.5–0.6 from destructive ones, and with an increase in load, the fracture of the sample has a block character. 10.18720/MCE.95.4 self-compacting concrete fracture testing sress-strain curves crack propagation laser interferometry https://engstroy.spbstu.ru/article/2020.95.4/

RAR RUS 49-56 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3627-5888 Novosibirsk State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering (Sibstrin) Kolesnikov Aleksei ao_kolesnikov@mail.ru

Novosibirsk, Russia

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5605-7944 Novosibirsk State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering (Sibstrin) Kostiuk Tatiana tanyakostuk26@gmail.com

Novosibirsk, Russia

Khristianovich Institute of Theoretical and Applied Mechanics SB RAS Popov Vladimir popov@itam.nsc.ru

Novosibirsk, Russia

Attenuation of the soil vibration amplitude at pile driving The paper presents the solution of the wave equation describing the attenuation of the vibration amplitude in the soil during pile driving. It is suggested that in the soil there is the area around the pile where the energy dissipates due to plastic deformations, and then the areas of the elastic state where surface waves propagate. In the framework of the wave model, the connections have been determined between vertical vibrations of the embedded solid body circular in plane and the motions in the area of the elastic soil state which is described by an integrity of infinitely thin layers. The interaction of the pile and soil in the plastic deformations area is beyond our consideration, though its size is of high importance for the problem solution. The formula has been derived, which permits, having the result of amplitude measurement in any point by a vibrometer and the position of surface wave propagation boundary, evaluating the soil vibrations at different distances from the pile driving point. The quantitative and qualitative agreement of the measured amplitudes and results of analysis obtained during test pile embedment performed during field measurements and found in references proves that the proposed model can be used to increase the accuracy of evaluation of the vertical soil vibrations. 10.18720/MCE.95.5 pile driving attenuation of vibration soil vibration wave dispersion portable vibration apparatus structural damage dynamic effect zone https://engstroy.spbstu.ru/article/2020.95.5/

RAR RUS 57-65 https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6172-0245 South Ural State University Rusanov Alexey 7yarus@mail.ru

Chelyabinsk, Russia

57194623014 South Ural State University Baiburin Albert abayburin@mail.ru

76, Lenin prospekt, Chelyabinsk, Russia, 454080

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5347-0001 South Ural State University Baiburin Denis dbayburin@mail.ru

Chelyabinsk, Russia

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2380-1965 University of Genoa Bianco Vincenzo vincenzo.bianco@unige.it

Genoa, Italy

Heat loss from defects of hinged facade systems of buildings The object of investigation hinged facade systems (HFS) used in buildings. Characteristic violations of the HFS technology were identified. The heat loss which depends on a range of structural features of HFS, such as geometrical, thermal, and physical properties of HFS elements, was analyzed. The effect of HFS properties on changes in heat flow and temperature fields was studied. An experiment was designed, computer simulation and laboratory tests were conducted. Different types of HFS defects were analyzed. Finite-element models were developed in the software ELCUD. Laboratory tests proved the adequacy of finite-element models. The comparative results obtained from tests and numerical models were consistent. Mathematical models of the joint effect of these factors were developed. An analysis of the factors’ effect on heat loss through HFS elements was performed. An effective way to ensure the energy efficiency of buildings – energy certification with control at the construction stage, was considered. The results can be used for the energy classification of buildings. 10.18720/MCE.95.6 buildings energy efficiency hinged facade system thermal insulation heat loss heat transfer factors mathematic simulation https://engstroy.spbstu.ru/article/2020.95.6/

RAR RUS 66-79 Astrakhan State Architectural and Construction University Zolina Tatiana zolinatv@yandex.ru Astrakhan State Architectural and Construction University Sadchikov Pavel pn_sadchikov@mail.ru Loads for the design of the industrial building frame The article considers the issues of assessing the reliability of structures of an industrial building equipped with bridge cranes. The implementation of the research concept is based on a probabilistic approach as the most appropriate to the random nature of technogenic and extreme impacts. A mathematical model is constructed that takes into account the random nature of the formation and perception of the framework structure of the totality of loads. To substantiate the method, an extensive amount of statistical data was generated on the loads of bridge cranes of various types and meteorological information on wind and snow for individual climatic regions of Russia. The stationary probabilistic models for crane and quasistationary models for snow and wind loads are substantiated. The proposed algorithms for their implementation are adapted for the automation of calculations using the software developed by the authors of the article “DINCIB-new”. Numerical calculations of the operability of the frame structures of the operated buildings of production shops under the action of a combination of loads. A comparative analysis of the obtained results with the normative allowed us to conclude that it is necessary to include when forming combinations of loads that affect the change in the stress-strain state of the frame structures of an industrial building, lateral forces. As a result of experimental and theoretical studies, refinements were made to the previously proposed calculation schemes and calculation methods, allowing to design the supporting structures of the frames in accordance with the actual conditions of their actual work. 10.18720/MCE.95.7 industrial building load combination probabilistic model numerical methods stress-strain state https://engstroy.spbstu.ru/article/2020.95.7/

RAR RUS 80-89 57209653846 https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2258-0299 National University of Science and Technology MISIS Polyankin Aleksandr polyankin_alex@mail.ru

Moscow, Russia

55353412000 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0619-7110 Siberian Transport University Korolev Konstantin korolev_kv@mail.ru

Novosibirsk, Russia

57188557376 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9120-3211 Siberian Transport University Kuznetsov Anatoly kuzemon91@mail.ru

Novosibirsk, Russia

Analysis of reinforced soil sustainability while tunnel construction Object – reinforced ground array stability analisis. We have not found straight and general method of analysis in theory of limit equilibrium of soils (TLES). Methods – theory of stability (Culman method), method of limit parameters of TLES. A general scheme for solving the problem of the stability of vertical slopes reinforced with horizontal rods (rough and smooth) is developed, which takes into account the behavior of reinforcing elements not only in pulling and tension, but also in the vertical direction, whereby part of the weight of the wedge of failure is transferred over its boundaries to a fixed array. 10.18720/MCE.95.8 tunnels tensile strength reinforcement durability beams and girders strength of materials anchors https://engstroy.spbstu.ru/article/2020.95.8/

RAR RUS 90-103 57194112309 0000-0001-6184-2365 Vyatka State University Tyukalov Yury yutvgu@mail.ru Method of plates stability analysis based on the moments approximations The paper proposes the method for calculating of thin plates stability by the finite element method based on piecewise constant approximations of the moments’ fields. Using this approach may allow us to obtain the lower limit of critical stresses. We build the solution based on the extended functional of additional energy. The functional, using the method of Lagrange multipliers, includes algebraic equations of nodes equilibrium of the finite elements mesh. Using the possible displacements principle, we get equilibrium equations. The plate vertical displacements function after stability loss, is combination of linear basis functions. For rectangular and triangular finite elements there are the necessary expressions for the stresses work, acting in the plate median plane, from bending deformations. There are critical stress calculations for rectangular plates with different supporting conditions. The options for the action of compressive and shear stresses are considered. It is shown, that when the finite element mesh is refining up, the critical stress value in all the considered examples tends to the exact value from below. We perform comparison of the obtained solutions with the analytical solutions and the solutions by the program based on the finite element method in displacements. Comparison of solutions showed good accuracy in determining critical stresses by the proposed method. 10.18720/MCE.95.9 finite element method plates stability approximations of forces critical stress https://engstroy.spbstu.ru/article/2020.95.9/

RAR RUS 104-118 56434340300 0000-0002-5694-1737 Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University Usanova Kseniia plml@mail.ru

St. Petersburg, Russia

7801686579 0000-0001-7011-8213 Peter the Great Saint Petersburg Polytechnic University Barabanschikov Yuri ugb@mail.ru

Polytechnicheskay, 29

Cold-bonded fly ash aggregate concrete The subject of the experimental research is concrete with cold-bonded fly ash aggregate from fly ash of Novosibirskaya GRES Thermal Power Plant (Novosibirsk, Russia). Cold-bonded fly ash aggregate has the true specific gravity of 2.50 g/cm3, an average density of 1.53 g/cm3, water absorption by weight of 18.4 %, and an opened porosity of 28.15 %. Concrete with cold-bonded fly ash aggregate has a compressive strength after 28 days of 37.8 МPa, a flexural strength of 4.9 MPa, a coefficient of linear expansion of 14.8*10-6 K-1 and modulus of elasticity of 18*109 Pa. The water presoaking of lightweight aggregate did not affect the kinetics of heat emission and, consequently, the kinetics of hydration of cement. The shrinkage of concrete with dry aggregate was higher than concrete with presoaking lightweight aggregate. Moreover, the evaporation loss was also less for concrete with dry aggregate. The shrinkage of concrete with presoaking aggregates is much less than the shrinkage of concrete with dry aggregates with the same evaporation loss. The usefulness of presoaking aggregates in working conditions, as “internal curing”, has been confirmed. This will reduce the likelihood of shrinkage cracks during concrete drying. 10.18720/MCE.95.10 fly ash aggregate cold bonded fly ash aggregate pelletized fly ash granulated fly ash concrete cement lightweight concrete fly ash aggregates concrete mixtures https://engstroy.spbstu.ru/article/2020.95.10/

RAR RUS 119-130 57190863290 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0274-0673 Industrial University of Tyumen Maltseva Tatyana maltsevatv@tyuiu.ru

Tyumen, Russia

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9263-9041 Tyumen State University Trefilina Elena e3filina@mail.ru

Tyumen, Russia

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2898-2638 Tyumen State University Saltanova Tatyana tsaltanova@mail.ru

Tyumen, Russia

Deformed state of the bases buildings and structures from weak viscoelastic soils The article discusses the grounds of buildings and structures from weak viscoelastic soils, the features of the theoretical justification for their deformations. The need for this study is due to the discrepancy between the theory of filtration consolidation and field and laboratory experiments. Within the framework of the proposed model, the constructions of solutions to the problems of loading the ground surface with typical loads that describe the stress-strain state of each phase of a two-phase medium (soil skeleton + pore water) with account of the residual pore pressure. The deviation of the calculated residual pore pressures from the experimental data is not more than 5 % (laboratory experiment), 7 % (full-scale experiment). The calculation method presented in the article allows predicting the deformation of the foundations of structures from weak water-saturated soils. 10.18720/MCE.95.11 soft soils water-saturated base stresses and deformation viscoelasticity of the soil modeling of bearing capacity https://engstroy.spbstu.ru/article/2020.95.11/

RAR RUS 131-139 57204361039 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8687-3296 Vologda State University Pavlov Mikhail pavlov_kaftgv@mail.ru

Vologda, Russia

57210325021 https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3522-9302 Vologda State University Karpov Denis karpov_denis_85@mail.ru

Vologda, Russia

55841549100 https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5238-696X Vologda State University Sinitsyn Anton patinfo@mail.ru

Vologda, Russia

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4903-2906 Vologda State University Gudkov Alexander agud@list.ru

Vologda, Russia

Winter greenhouse combined heating system Energy preservation and reduction in greenhouse gas emissions into the atmosphere can be partially gained through decentralization of heat supply. In the case of cultivation facilities, a solution is a combined heating system which includes soil infrared heating and air heating in the winter greenhouse up to the required values by means of autonomous convective heaters. Upon analysing domestic and foreign scientific publications, there has not been found any comprehensive calculation method of the combined heating system. The target of research is normally one of the space heating ways: either radiant or convective. The calculation method considered in the article is based on the solution of the coupled equations set of the greenhouse heat and material balances, its walling and soil surface. It takes into consideration both the features of radiant heat transfer between distant bodies, and convective air heating from heaters. The developed calculation method has been tested using the modern industrial greenhouse “Fermer 7.5” for year-round cultivation of crops. As shown by the results of software calculations, at low temperatures of the outside air, the heat power of winter greenhouse radiant heating should be twice as high as the heat consumption for convective heating of the cultivation facility. There have been obtained heat power change patterns of the winter greenhouse combined heating system depending on a number of important factors, such as: temperature of the outside air; walling thermal resistance; absorption coefficient of the soil surface. Due to the fact that according to the calculations results, the heat loss via the winter greenhouse ventilation proved to be significant, it makes sense to consider further the option of preheating outdoor air necessary for air exchange indoors. 10.18720/MCE.95.12 energy consumption heat transfer infrared radiation technology soil greenhouse https://engstroy.spbstu.ru/article/2020.95.12/