Engineering hydrology technologies to reduce threats from ice phenomena

Introduction. The floods caused by ice phenomena are among the "three leaders" of dangerous hydrological phenomena that damage the economy and the environment in Russia. Methods. The methodological basis of the study was: passive experiment, analysis and synthesis, generalizations, methods of mathematical modeling of hydrological and hydraulic processes, multivariate analysis and expert assessments. Results and Discussion. Generalization, analysis and systematization of knowledge about the processes of formation of ice difficulties were carried out. It is shown that under the conditions of climate change and ice regime of water bodies as a result of human economic activity, the methods of forecasting ice phenomena are being transformed, which are mainly based on statistical dependencies established according to the hydrometeorological observations. An updated zoning of the territory of Russia by the genesis of the ice phenomena and types of dangerous hydrological phenomena with recorded material damage is presented. The views on modern methods of monitoring dangerous ice phenomena and the use of its results for timely forecasting, adoption of rules for the use of water resources and preventive measures are expounded, while the consequences of the impact of these phenomena on water bodies are assessed. The modern trends in the development of mathematical modeling of the processes of formation of ice hanging dams and ice jams, the transporting ability of subglacial flows in combination with models of river flow formation and functioning of water management systems are revealed. The prospects for research aimed at developing measures to counter threats to water safety caused by dangerous ice phenomena are determined. Conclusion. The results of qualitative and quantitative analysis can be used to collect information on the consequences of exposure and monitoring of ice hazards. Trends in the development of mathematical modeling of the processes of congestion and anchor ice dam formation, transporting ability of subglacial flows in sections of rivers with engineering structures are associated with a combination of hydrodynamic models, models of river flow formation and the functioning of water management systems. The prospects for research aimed at developing measures to counter threats to water safety caused by dangerous ice phenomena were determined.