Effect of graphene oxide on resistance to action of aggressive environments, tortuosity and economic index of concrete

Cement concrete though has emerged as one of the best construction materials concerning versatility and strength, suffers from durability when subjected to aggressive environments and action of water because of its internal cracks and voids. Further, because of its huge cement demand, it is blamed for concerning carbon emissions. As such when there is one need to strengthen its microstructure by modifying internal defects, there is another need to reduce the consumption of cement by enhancing the efficiency of concrete. To address these issues, this paper explores the impact of incorporating different percentages (0.01−0.1% of binder content) of graphene oxide (GO) into concrete made with Portland slag cement and its subsequent effects on strength and durability. Apart from compressive strength, durability parameters such as water absorption, sorptivity, and resistance against attack of aggressive environments caused due to chloride (NaCl), sulphate (MgSO4), and acid (H2SO4) have been examined. The results of this study emphasize the beneficial effects of adding GO to concrete regarding compressive strength enhancement 1.35−2.25 times, similarly increased durability against chemical exposure, and improved resistance to transport properties. The performance-related economic analysis in terms of the economic index revealed that the use of GO up to 0.03% is beneficial from both a technical and an economic point of view. Use of GO more than 0.04% may be beneficial where strength and time are more important than cost. The findings may contribute to the advancement of construction materials, which can potentially lead to the development of more durable and sustainable infrastructure.